Department of ENT, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Berea, 4001, Durban, South Africa.
Discipline of Audiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, WestVille Campus, University Road, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2023 Feb;165:111449. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111449. Epub 2023 Jan 14.
The assessment of the validity and reliability of measurement tools in research provides quality data. However, evidence of the validity and reliability of parental knowledge and attitude regarding childhood hearing loss and newborn hearing screening is scarce.
To design a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) survey tool regarding childhood hearing loss and a Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Programme of the rural Amajuba district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and then test for validity and test-retest repeatability.
Face validity was conducted with 20 mothers and a content validity index was determined by two rounds of assessments, the first by 7 experts and the second by 3 experts. The kappa statistic was used to measure the stability of the tool using data from 160 mothers where repeated measurements were applied at two-week intervals. The feasibility of developing a tool was assessed by applying the criteria of science, population and resources.
The KAP tool was developed with twenty-nine items. For face validity, 97% of the participants reported that the items were clear, wording was appropriate and easy to read and the language was natural. Content validity produced excellent results with a scale and content validity index of 1. Test-retest repeatability for the KAP tool was good with a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.87). Individually, the knowledge scale had a kappa of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.95); the attitude scale had a kappa of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.99): the practice scale had a kappa of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.97) and the awareness scale had a kappa of 0.92 (0.83, 1.00). The development of a KAP tool was shown to be feasible, given sufficient time, funds, motivation and a study population.
The study produced a valid and reliable tool that can be useful in generating quality evidence of a community's KAP with respect to childhood hearing loss and newborn hearing screening. Evidence gathered could be used to tailor health education and health promotion material for a Universal New-born Hearing Screening (UNHS) programme in a culturally sensitive manner to promote service uptake.
评估测量工具在研究中的有效性和可靠性可以提供高质量的数据。然而，关于儿童听力损失和新生儿听力筛查，家长的知识、态度和实践（KAP）的有效性和可靠性的证据很少。
为南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省阿玛祖巴农村地区设计一个关于儿童听力损失和全民新生儿听力筛查方案的 KAP 调查工具，并对其进行有效性和重测重复性测试。
采用 20 名母亲进行表面效度评估，采用两轮评估确定内容效度指数，第一轮由 7 名专家进行，第二轮由 3 名专家进行。采用数据来自 160 名母亲的kappa 统计来衡量工具的稳定性，其中重复测量应用于两周间隔。通过应用科学、人口和资源标准来评估开发工具的可行性。
KAP 工具包括 29 个项目。对于表面效度，97%的参与者报告说项目清晰，措辞恰当，易于阅读，语言自然。内容效度结果非常好，量表和内容效度指数为 1。KAP 工具的重测重复性良好，Cohen's kappa 系数为 0.87（95%CI：0.87，0.87）。单独来看，知识量表的 kappa 值为 0.86（95%CI：0.77，0.95）；态度量表的 kappa 值为 0.87（95%CI：0.76，0.99）；实践量表的 kappa 值为 0.86（95%CI：0.75，0.97）；意识量表的 kappa 值为 0.92（0.83，1.00）。有足够的时间、资金、动力和研究人群，开发 KAP 工具是可行的。
本研究产生了一种有效且可靠的工具，可用于生成有关儿童听力损失和新生儿听力筛查的社区 KAP 的高质量证据。收集到的证据可以用于以文化敏感的方式为全民新生儿听力筛查（UNHS）计划量身定制健康教育和健康促进材料，以促进服务利用。
