Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt.
National Institute for Genomics Advanced and Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, 45500, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Vet Res Commun. 2023 Sep;47(3):1015-1029. doi: 10.1007/s11259-022-10060-3. Epub 2023 Jan 20.
Aquaculture is an important food sector throughout the globe because of its importance in ensuring the availability of nutritious and safe food for human beings. In recent years, this sector has been challenged with several obstacles especially the emergence of infectious disease outbreaks. Various treatment and control aspects, including antibiotics, antiseptics, and other anti-microbial agents, have been used to treat farmed fish and shrimp against diseases. Nonetheless, these medications have been prohibited and banned in many countries because of the development of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains, the accumulation of residues in the flesh of farmed fish and shrimp, and their environmental threats to aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, scientists and researchers have concentrated their research on finding natural and safe products to control disease outbreaks. From these natural products, bovine lactoferrin can be utilized as a functional feed supplement. Bovine lactoferrin is a multi-functional glycoprotein applied in various industries, like food preservation, and numerous medications, due to its non-toxic and ecological features. Recent research has proposed multiple advantages and benefits of using bovine lactoferrin in aquaculture. Reports showed its potential ability to enhance growth, reduce mortalities, regulate iron metabolism, decrease disease outbreaks, stimulate the antioxidant defense system, and recuperate the overall health conditions of the treated fish and shrimp. Besides, bovine lactoferrin can be considered as a safe antibiotic alternative and a unique therapeutic agent to decrease the negative impacts of infectious diseases. These features can be attributed to its well-known antibacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antioxidant capabilities. This literature review will highlight the implications of bovine lactoferrin in aquaculture, particularly highlighting its therapeutic features and ability to promote immunological defensive pathways in fish. The information included in this article would be valuable for further research studies to improve aquaculture's sustainability and the functionality of aquafeeds.
水产养殖是全球重要的食品产业，因为它在确保人类获得营养和安全的食物方面发挥着重要作用。近年来，该行业面临着许多挑战，特别是传染病爆发的出现。各种治疗和控制方法，包括抗生素、防腐剂和其他抗菌剂，都被用于治疗养殖鱼类和虾类的疾病。然而，由于抗菌药物耐药菌株的出现、养殖鱼类和虾类肉中残留物的积累以及对水生生态系统的环境威胁，这些药物在许多国家已被禁止使用。因此，科学家和研究人员专注于寻找天然和安全的产品来控制疾病爆发。在这些天然产物中，牛乳铁蛋白可以用作功能性饲料添加剂。牛乳铁蛋白是一种多功能糖蛋白，由于其无毒和生态特性，应用于食品保鲜和许多药物等多个领域。最近的研究提出了在水产养殖中使用牛乳铁蛋白的多种优势和益处。报告显示，它具有增强生长、降低死亡率、调节铁代谢、减少疾病爆发、刺激抗氧化防御系统和恢复受处理鱼类和虾类整体健康状况的潜力。此外，牛乳铁蛋白可以被认为是一种安全的抗生素替代品和独特的治疗剂，可以减少传染病的负面影响。这些特性归因于其众所周知的抗菌、抗寄生虫、抗炎、免疫刺激和抗氧化能力。本文综述了牛乳铁蛋白在水产养殖中的应用，特别是强调了其治疗特性和促进鱼类免疫防御途径的能力。本文所包含的信息对于进一步的研究工作将是有价值的，有助于提高水产养殖的可持续性和水产饲料的功能性。
