Wubshet Nadab H, Liu Allen P
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2022 Dec 18;21:550-562. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.025. eCollection 2023.
Cells shield organelles and the cytosol via an active boundary predominantly made of phospholipids and membrane proteins, yet allowing communication between the intracellular and extracellular environment. Micron-sized liposome compartments commonly known as giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are used to model the cell membrane and encapsulate biological materials and processes in a cell-like confinement. In the field of bottom-up synthetic biology, many have utilized GUVs as substrates to study various biological processes such as protein-lipid interactions, cytoskeletal assembly, and dynamics of protein synthesis. Like cells, it is ideal that GUVs are also mechanically durable and able to stay intact when the inner and outer environment changes. As a result, studies have demonstrated approaches to tune the mechanical properties of GUVs by modulating membrane composition and lumenal material property. In this context, there have been many different methods developed to test the mechanical properties of GUVs. In this review, we will survey various perturbation techniques employed to mechanically characterize GUVs.
细胞通过主要由磷脂和膜蛋白构成的活性边界来保护细胞器和细胞质溶胶，同时允许细胞内和细胞外环境之间进行通讯。通常被称为巨型单层囊泡（GUVs）的微米级脂质体隔室被用于模拟细胞膜，并将生物材料和过程封装在类似细胞的受限环境中。在自下而上的合成生物学领域，许多人利用GUVs作为底物来研究各种生物过程，如蛋白质-脂质相互作用、细胞骨架组装和蛋白质合成动力学。与细胞一样，理想的情况是GUVs在机械上也具有耐久性，并且在内部和外部环境变化时能够保持完整。因此，研究已经证明了通过调节膜组成和内腔材料特性来调整GUVs机械性能的方法。在这种情况下，已经开发出许多不同的方法来测试GUVs的机械性能。在这篇综述中，我们将概述用于对GUVs进行机械表征的各种微扰技术。
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