Meinz Elizabeth J, Hambrick David Z, Leach James J, Boschulte Prairie J
Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA.
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
J Intell. 2023 Jan 16;11(1):18. doi: 10.3390/jintelligence11010018.
Most research on skilled performance is correlational, with skill and predictors measured at a single point in time, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the acquisition of skill. By contrast, in this study, we trained novice participants ( = 79) to solve Rubik's Cubes using a 7-step solution method. Participants also completed measures of fluid intelligence (Gf), working memory capacity (WMC), and nonability factors (grit, growth mindset, NFC, and the "big five"). Overall, higher Gf (but not WMC) was predictive of efficient and accurate Rubik's cube skill. No nonability variables were associated with skill. Our results provide compelling evidence for the importance of intellectual talent (cognitive ability) in developing expertise in a complex task.
大多数关于熟练表现的研究都是相关性的，技能和预测因素在单一时间点进行测量，这使得难以得出关于技能习得的结论。相比之下，在本研究中，我们训练新手参与者（n = 79）使用一种七步解法来解决魔方问题。参与者还完成了流体智力（Gf）、工作记忆容量（WMC）和非能力因素（毅力、成长型思维模式、认知需求和“大五人格”）的测量。总体而言，较高的Gf（而非WMC）能够预测高效且准确的魔方技能。没有非能力变量与技能相关。我们的结果为智力天赋（认知能力）在复杂任务中发展专业技能的重要性提供了有力证据。
