Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle P.O. Box 231, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Department of Dryland Crop and Horticultural Sciences, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle P.O. Box 231, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Toxins (Basel). 2023 Jan 4;15(1):39. doi: 10.3390/toxins15010039.
Sesame is an important oil crop for the Ethiopian economy. However, the lack of adequate storage facilities results in significant losses of sesame seeds. This study was designed to compare the effects of storage conditions and the subsequent impact on sesame seed germination, mold growth, and mycotoxin accumulation over the storage period. The efficacy of two hermetic bags (1. Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags and 2. Super GrainPro (SGP) bags) was directly compared to sesame storage in polypropylene (PP bags) and Jute bags. Storage conditions (oxygen, carbon dioxide, temperature, moisture content and relative humidity) of samples were analyzed in the laboratory in three replicates. Results showed that the oxygen concentrations dropped to 6.9% (±0.02) in PICS bags and 8.7% (±0.06) in SGP bags at the end of 6 months of storage. In non-hermetic bags Jute and PP), oxygen levels were close to atmospheric levels at 2-, 4-, and 6-month storage periods. In non-hermetic bags throughout storage, the amount of seed infection by mold constantly increased, and seed germination decreased. Sesame seeds stored in hermetic bags had 89.7% (±0.58) to 88.3% (±2.89) germination rates versus 61.67% (±2.08) for non-hermetic storage bags over the 6-month seed storage period. All mycotoxin levels increased over the same storage period, whereas comparative levels were much lower in hermetic bags after six months. Sesame seeds stored in both hermetic bags had the lowest level of tested mycotoxins, and levels among the SGP and PICS bags were not significantly different from one another. This study provides strong evidence indicating that hermetic storage structures such as PICS and SGP significantly affect temperature, humidity, moisture content, CO and oxygen levels resulting in the lowering of fungal growth and mycotoxin accumulation and effectively preserving stored sesame without relying on synthetic pesticides in Ethiopia.
芝麻是埃塞俄比亚经济的重要油料作物。然而，由于缺乏足够的储存设施，导致芝麻种子大量损失。本研究旨在比较不同储存条件对芝麻种子发芽、霉菌生长和霉菌毒素积累的影响，并在储存期间进行监测。本研究直接比较了两种密封袋（1. 普渡改良作物储存（PICS）袋和 2. 超级 GrainPro（SGP）袋）与在聚丙烯（PP）袋和黄麻袋中储存芝麻的效果。在实验室中对样品的储存条件（氧气、二氧化碳、温度、水分含量和相对湿度）进行了 3 次重复分析。结果表明，在 6 个月的储存期结束时，PICS 袋中的氧气浓度降至 6.9%（±0.02），SGP 袋中的氧气浓度降至 8.7%（±0.06）。在非密封袋（黄麻和 PP）中，2、4 和 6 个月储存期的氧气水平接近大气水平。在整个非密封袋储存过程中，种子受霉菌感染的数量不断增加，种子发芽率下降。在 6 个月的种子储存期内，密封袋储存的芝麻种子发芽率为 89.7%（±0.58）至 88.3%（±2.89），而非密封储存袋的发芽率为 61.67%（±2.08）。在同一储存期内，所有霉菌毒素水平均有所增加，而在 6 个月后，密封袋中的相对水平要低得多。在两种密封袋中储存的芝麻种子的霉菌毒素含量最低，SGP 和 PICS 袋之间的水平没有显著差异。本研究提供了有力的证据表明，像 PICS 和 SGP 这样的密封储存结构显著影响温度、湿度、水分含量、CO 和氧气水平，从而降低了真菌生长和霉菌毒素积累的速度，并有效地保存了埃塞俄比亚储存的芝麻，而无需依赖合成农药。
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