University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America.
Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America.
Vaccine. 2023 Feb 10;41(7):1390-1397. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.065. Epub 2023 Jan 2.
Recent evidence suggests that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is not static. In order to develop effective vaccine uptake interventions, we need to understand the extent to which vaccine hesitancy fluctuates and identify factors associated with both between- and within-person differences in vaccine hesitancy. The goals of the current study were to assess the extent to which COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy varied at an individual level across time and to determine whether disgust sensitivity and germ aversion were associated with between- and within-person differences in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. A national sample of U.S. adults (N = 1025; 516 woman; M = 46.34 years, SD = 16.56, range: 18 to 85 years; 72.6 % White) completed six weekly online surveys (March 20 - May 3, 2020). Between-person mean COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rates were relatively stable across the six-week period (range: 38-42 %). However, there was considerable within-person variability in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Approximately, 40 % of the sample changed their vaccine hesitancy at least once during the six weeks. There was a significant between-person effect for disgust sensitivity, such that greater disgust sensitivity was associated with a lower likelihood of COVID-19 vaccine hesitance. There was also a significant within-person effect for germ aversion. Participants who experienced greater germ aversion for a given week relative to their own six week average were less likely to be COVID-19 vaccine hesitant that week relative to their own six-week average. This study provides important information on rapidly changing individual variability in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy on a weekly basis, which should be taken into consideration with any efforts to decrease vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccine uptake. Further, these findings identify-two psychological factors (disgust sensitivity and germ aversion) with malleable components that could be leveraged in developing vaccine uptake interventions.
最近的证据表明，对 COVID-19 疫苗的犹豫并非一成不变。为了制定有效的疫苗接种干预措施，我们需要了解疫苗犹豫情绪波动的程度，并确定与个体之间和个体内部疫苗犹豫情绪差异相关的因素。本研究的目的是评估 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫在个体层面随时间的变化程度，并确定厌恶感和对细菌的反感是否与 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫的个体之间和个体内部差异有关。我们对美国成年人进行了一项全国性抽样调查（N=1025；516 名女性；M=46.34 岁，SD=16.56，范围：18-85 岁；72.6%为白人），他们完成了六次每周一次的在线调查（2020 年 3 月 20 日至 5 月 3 日）。在六周的时间里，个体之间的 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫率相对稳定（范围：38-42%）。然而，COVID-19 疫苗犹豫在个体内部存在相当大的可变性。大约 40%的样本在六周内至少改变了一次疫苗犹豫。厌恶感的个体差异存在显著的影响，即更大的厌恶感与 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫的可能性降低有关。对细菌的反感也存在个体内部的影响。与六周平均水平相比，某一周对细菌的反感越大的参与者，在该周相对于他们自己的六周平均水平，就越不可能对 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫不决。本研究提供了有关 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫每周迅速变化的个体可变性的重要信息，在任何降低疫苗犹豫和增加疫苗接种的努力中都应考虑到这一点。此外，这些发现确定了两个具有可塑造成分的心理因素（厌恶感和对细菌的反感），这些因素可以用于开发疫苗接种干预措施。
