Valeri Andrea, Mazzon Emanuela
IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2023 Jan 14;10(1):118. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10010118.
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, so there is an urgent need to find a therapy for the tragic outcomes of this cerebrovascular disease. Stem cells appeared to be a good solution for many conditions, so different experiments were made to establish stem cells as a feasible therapy for stroke. The aim of this review is to analyze the state of the art of stem cell therapy for stroke and if the route of administration could represent a valid adjusting point for ameliorating the therapy's outcome. To obtain this, we searched the scientific literature of the last 10 years for relevant in vitro and in vivo evidence regarding stem cells' potential in stroke therapy. In vitro evidence points to hypoxia, among the preconditioning strategies, as the most used and probably efficient method to enhance cells qualities, while in vivo results raise the question if it is the type of cells or how they are administrated which can make the difference in terms of efficiency. Unfortunately, despite the number of clinical trials, only a few were successfully concluded, demonstrating how urgent the necessity is to translate pre-clinical results into clinics. Since any type of stem cell seems suitable for therapy, the chosen route of administration corresponds to different engraftment rates, distribution and efficiency in terms of the beneficial effects of stem cells. Intravenous administration was widely used for delivering stem cells into the human body, but recently intranasal administration has given promising results in vivo. It allows stem cells to efficiently reach the brain that was precluded to intravenous administration, so it is worth further investigation.
中风是全球死亡和残疾的主要原因之一，因此迫切需要找到一种治疗这种脑血管疾病悲剧性后果的方法。干细胞似乎是许多病症的良好解决方案，因此人们进行了不同的实验，以确立干细胞作为中风的可行治疗方法。本综述的目的是分析中风干细胞治疗的现状，以及给药途径是否可能是改善治疗效果的有效调整点。为了实现这一目标，我们检索了过去10年的科学文献，以获取有关干细胞在中风治疗中潜力的相关体外和体内证据。体外证据表明，在预处理策略中，缺氧是最常用且可能最有效的提高细胞质量的方法，而体内结果则提出了一个问题，即效率的差异是取决于细胞类型还是其给药方式。不幸的是，尽管进行了大量临床试验，但只有少数成功完成，这表明将临床前结果转化为临床应用的必要性有多迫切。由于任何类型的干细胞似乎都适合治疗，因此所选的给药途径在干细胞的有益效果方面对应于不同的植入率、分布和效率。静脉内给药被广泛用于将干细胞输送到人体中，但最近鼻内给药在体内取得了有前景的结果。它使干细胞能够有效地到达静脉内给药无法到达的大脑，因此值得进一步研究。
