Li Hui, Guo Wanqi, Liu Yan, Zhang Qiman, Xu Qing, Wang Shuntao, Huang Xue, Xu Kexin, Wang Junzhi, Huang Yilin, Gao Wei
College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
College of Architecture and Planning, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Dec 20;12(1):3. doi: 10.3390/biology12010003.
Landscape connectivity refers to the degree of continuity between the spatially structured units of a landscape. Ecological connectivity can characterise the degree to which ecological functional areas are connected in terms of function and ecological processes. In this study, the landscape pattern index and ecosystem service values were used to evaluate the ecological functional resistance of each landscape type, taking the Three Parallel Rivers Natural World Heritage Site as an example and the habitat distribution and population size of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey as a reference. The minimum cost distance model, combined with the barrier impact index (BEI) and ecological connectivity index (ECI), was used to determine the degree of barrier impact on the study area and the ecological connectivity of the core reserve of the heritage site in both 2000 and 2020. The resistances of the different land types and landscape heterogeneity to the ecological function of species migration between the core protected areas of the heritage site were, in descending order, those of the forest, shrubs and grass, water, unused land, cultivated land, and built-up land. In 2020, the study area had a large BEI, with areas such as built-up areas, major roads, the sides of large rivers, and arable land being significant contributors to the blockage of landscape connectivity. The overall landscape connectivity in the study area was generally low, with clear spatial differentiation and a three-column parallel distribution pattern influenced by the topography and landscape. With the adjustment of the core reserve boundaries of the heritage site, the proportion of areas with high connectivity (ECI = 4-5) increased from 11.31% in 2000 to 34.36% in 2020. This increased landscape connectivity was conducive to the migration and reproduction of large terrestrial animals, such as the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey, with increasing numbers of populations and individuals. This study provides theoretical and methodological insights into the delineation and conservation of natural heritage sites and landscape connectivity.
景观连通性是指景观中空间结构单元之间的连续程度。生态连通性可以表征生态功能区在功能和生态过程方面的连接程度。本研究以三江并流世界自然遗产地为例，以滇金丝猴的栖息地分布和种群数量为参照，利用景观格局指数和生态系统服务价值来评估各景观类型的生态功能阻力。结合障碍影响指数（BEI）和生态连通性指数（ECI）的最小成本距离模型，用于确定2000年和2020年研究区域的障碍影响程度以及遗产地核心保护区的生态连通性。不同土地类型和景观异质性对遗产地核心保护区之间物种迁移生态功能的阻力由大到小依次为森林、灌草丛、水体、未利用地、耕地和建设用地。2020年，研究区域的BEI较大，建成区、主要道路、大河两侧和耕地等区域是景观连通性受阻的主要贡献区域。研究区域的整体景观连通性普遍较低，受地形和景观影响存在明显的空间分异和三列平行分布格局。随着遗产地核心保护区边界的调整，高连通性区域（ECI = 4 - 5）的比例从2000年的11.31%增加到2020年的34.36%。这种景观连通性的增加有利于滇金丝猴等大型陆生动物的迁移和繁殖，种群数量和个体数量不断增加。本研究为自然遗产地的划定和保护以及景观连通性提供了理论和方法上的见解。
