Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
Genes (Basel). 2022 Dec 25;14(1):67. doi: 10.3390/genes14010067.
is a rare and endangered species in Europe and its population resources have significantly decreased over the past decades. Previous genetic studies of this species made it possible to estimate the genetic diversity of the European population and to describe the structure of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. The main aim of these studies was to characterize the variability of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes in more detail at the intra-population and inter-population levels. Our study presents new organelle genome reference sequences that allow the design of novel markers that can be the starting point for testing hypotheses, past and modern biogeography of rare and endangered species and adaptive responses of this species to changing environments. The study included sixteen individuals from five populations located in Northeastern Poland. Comparative analysis of 16 plastomes from 5 populations enabled us to identify 160 point mutations, including 64 substitutions and 96 InDels. The most numerous detected SNPs and Indels (75%) were accumulated in three intergenic spacers: D-A, 4-16, and L(UAG)-F. The mitogenome dataset, which was more than twice as large as the plastome (331 kbp vs. 151 kbp), revealed eight times fewer SNPs (8 vs. 64) and six times fewer InDels (16 vs. 96). Both chloroplast and mitochondrial genome identified the same number of haplotypes-11 out of 16 individuals, but both organellar genomes slightly differ in haplotype clustering. Despite the much lower variation, mitogenomic data provide additional resolution in the haplotype detection of , enabling molecular identification of individuals, which were unrecognizable based on the plastome dataset.
是欧洲的一种稀有濒危物种，其种群资源在过去几十年中显著减少。以前对该物种的遗传研究使得估算欧洲种群的遗传多样性和描述叶绿体和线粒体基因组的结构成为可能。这些研究的主要目的是更详细地描述和比较种群和种群间叶绿体和线粒体基因组的变异性。我们的研究提供了新的细胞器基因组参考序列，这些序列允许设计新的标记，这些标记可以作为测试假设、过去和现代稀有濒危物种生物地理学以及该物种对不断变化的环境的适应反应的起点。该研究包括来自波兰东北部五个种群的 16 个个体。对来自五个种群的 16 个质体基因组的比较分析，使我们能够鉴定出 160 个点突变，包括 64 个取代和 96 个插入缺失。在三个非编码区：D-A、4-16 和 L(UAG)-F 中检测到的 SNP 和 Indels（75%）数量最多。线粒体基因组数据集（比质体基因组大两倍多，331 kbp 比 151 kbp），发现 SNP（8 对 64）和 Indels（16 对 96）的数量少了 8 倍和 6 倍。叶绿体和线粒体基因组都鉴定出了相同数量的单倍型-16 个个体中的 11 个，但这两种细胞器基因组在单倍型聚类上略有不同。尽管变异程度低得多，但线粒体基因组数据在 的单倍型检测中提供了额外的分辨率，能够对基于质体数据集无法识别的个体进行分子鉴定。
