Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Jan 16;14(1):235. doi: 10.3390/genes14010235.
Sperm sexing is a technique for spermatozoa sorting into populations enriched with X- or Y-chromosome-bearing cells and is widely used in the dairy industry. Investigation of the characteristics of sorted semen is of practical interest, because it could contribute to the enhancement of sexed semen fertility characteristics, which are currently lower than those of conventional semen. Comparison of a spermatozoa population enriched with X-chromosome-bearing cells to a mixed population is also intriguing in the context of potential differences that drive the mechanisms of primary sex-ratio determination. In this work, sexed (X spermatozoa) and conventional spermatozoa of Holstein bulls were analyzed for the content and enzymatic activity of GAPDHS, a sperm-specific isoform of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase that plays a significant role in the regulation of flagellar activity. No difference in the amount of this glycolysis enzyme per cell was revealed, but, notably, GAPDHS enzymatic activity in the sexed samples was significantly higher. Enzymatic activity among the group of sexed but not conventional sperm samples positively correlated with spermatozoa motility, which indicates the significant role of this enzyme for the sorted cells population.
精子性别鉴定是一种将精子分为富含 X 或 Y 染色体细胞的技术，广泛应用于奶牛业。研究经分选精子的特征具有实际意义，因为这有助于提高性别分选精子的生育能力特征，目前其生育能力特征低于常规精子。在可能导致主要性别决定机制差异的背景下，将富含 X 染色体的精子群体与混合群体进行比较也很有趣。在这项工作中，对荷斯坦公牛的性别分选（X 精子）和常规精子进行了分析，以研究其 GAPDHS（甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶的一种精子特异性同工酶）的含量和酶活性，该酶在调节鞭毛活性方面发挥着重要作用。没有发现每个细胞中这种糖酵解酶的含量有差异，但值得注意的是，分选样本中的 GAPDHS 酶活性显著更高。在性别分选但不是常规精子样本中，酶活性与精子运动性呈正相关，这表明该酶对分选细胞群体具有重要作用。
