Zhao Yun, Zhao Jie, Hu Mengyun, Sun Lijing, Liu Qian, Zhang Yelun, Li Qianying, Wang Peinan, Ma Wujun, Li Hui, Gao Huimin, Zhang Yingjun
Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China.
College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Foods. 2023 Jan 12;12(2):361. doi: 10.3390/foods12020361.
The processing quality of wheat is affected by seed storage substances, such as protein and starch. High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) are the major components of wheat seed storage proteins (SSPs); they are also key determinators of wheat end-use quality. However, the effects of HMW-GSs absence on the expression of other storage substances and the regulation mechanism of HMW-GSs are still limited. Previously, a wheat transgenic line LH-11 with complete deletions of HMW-GSs was obtained through introducing an exogenous gene to the wild-type cultivar Bobwhite by transgenic approach. In this study, comparative seed transcriptomics and proteomics of transgenic and non-transgenic lines at different seed developmental stages were carried out to explore the changes in genes and proteins and the underlying regulatory mechanism. Results revealed that a number of genes, including genes related to SSPs, carbohydrates metabolism, amino acids metabolism, transcription, translation, and protein process were differentially enriched. Seed storage proteins displayed differential expression patterns between the transgenic and non-transgenic line, a major rise in the expression levels of gliadins were observed at 21 and 28 days post anthesis (DPA) in the transgenic line. Changes in expressions of low-molecular-weight glutenins (LMW-GSs), avenin-like proteins (ALPs), lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), and protease inhibitors (PIs) were also observed. In addition, genes related to carbohydrate metabolism were differentially expressed, which probably leads to a difference in starch component and deposition. A list of gene categories participating in the accumulation of SSPs was proposed according to the transcriptome and proteome data. Six genes from the MYB and eight genes from the NAC transcription families are likely important regulators of HMW-GSs accumulation. This study will provide data support for understanding the regulatory network of wheat storage substances. The screened candidate genes can lay a foundation for further research on the regulation mechanism of HMW-GSs.
小麦的加工品质受种子贮藏物质如蛋白质和淀粉的影响。高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GSs）是小麦种子贮藏蛋白（SSPs）的主要成分，也是小麦最终使用品质的关键决定因素。然而，HMW-GSs缺失对其他贮藏物质表达的影响以及HMW-GSs的调控机制仍不明确。此前，通过转基因方法将外源基因导入野生型品种Bobwhite，获得了HMW-GSs完全缺失的小麦转基因系LH-11。在本研究中，对转基因系和非转基因系在不同种子发育阶段进行了比较种子转录组学和蛋白质组学研究，以探索基因和蛋白质的变化及其潜在调控机制。结果表明，许多基因存在差异富集，包括与SSPs、碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、转录、翻译和蛋白质加工相关的基因。种子贮藏蛋白在转基因系和非转基因系之间呈现出不同的表达模式，在转基因系中，花期后21天和28天（DPA）醇溶蛋白的表达水平显著升高。还观察到低分子量谷蛋白（LMW-GSs）、燕麦蛋白样蛋白（ALPs）、脂质转运蛋白（LTPs）和蛋白酶抑制剂（PIs）表达的变化。此外，与碳水化合物代谢相关的基因存在差异表达，这可能导致淀粉成分和沉积的差异。根据转录组和蛋白质组数据，提出了参与SSPs积累的基因类别清单。MYB转录家族的6个基因和NAC转录家族的8个基因可能是HMW-GSs积累的重要调节因子。本研究将为理解小麦贮藏物质的调控网络提供数据支持。筛选出的候选基因可为进一步研究HMW-GSs的调控机制奠定基础。
