Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 5;20(2):998. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20020998.
The near-surface ozone concentration was evaluated in two typical years with contrasting climatic impacts over the China region induced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation, which had either dry conditions (drought) with intense solar radiation and higher temperatures or wet conditions with opposite meteorological conditions. Surface ozone was observed to aggravate notably by 30% over Northern China in summer and by 50% over Eastern China in autumn in the dry year compared to the wet year. The ozone aggravation was found to be mainly ascribed to the reduced precipitation (relative humidity), enhanced solar radiation and increased temperature rather than primary emission (indicated by carbon monoxide). The health impacts showed the mortality attributable to ozone sharply increased by ~55% in Guangdong while the number of cases dying from ozone-related respiratory diseases per 100,000 population at risk was elevated by ~41% and ~17% for Guangdong (in the Pearl River Delta) and Jiangsu (in the Yangtze River Delta) province (two regions that have been reported to be highly influenced by surface ozone in China), respectively, in the dry year relative to the wet year, indicative of the significant adverse health effects of ozone aggravation. These results highlight the essential contribution of climate anomalies to surface ozone pollution. Efforts to suppress ozone aggravation can be beneficial to public health if extreme drought is predicted, and reasonable policy is implemented.
在中国地区，厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）引发的两种具有对比鲜明气候影响的典型年份中评估了近地表臭氧浓度，这两种影响分别为干旱条件（干旱）伴有强烈的太阳辐射和较高温度，或者为湿润条件伴有相反的气象条件。与湿润年相比，在干旱年夏季中国北方地区的地表臭氧浓度显著增加了 30%，秋季中国东部地区的地表臭氧浓度增加了 50%。研究发现，臭氧加剧主要归因于降水（相对湿度）减少、太阳辐射增强和温度升高，而不是主要排放物（一氧化碳）。健康影响表明，广东的臭氧相关死亡率急剧上升了约 55%，而广东（珠江三角洲）和江苏（长江三角洲）每 10 万风险人群中与臭氧相关的呼吸道疾病死亡人数分别上升了约 41%和 17%，这两个地区在中国被报告为受地表臭氧影响较大的地区，表明臭氧加剧对健康造成了显著的不利影响。这些结果突出表明气候异常对地表臭氧污染的重要贡献。如果预测到极端干旱，可以采取抑制臭氧加剧的措施，这将有利于公众健康，并实施合理的政策。
