Department of Epidemiology, Evidence Based Medicine and Biostatistics, Kazakhstan's Medical University "Kazakhstan School of Public Health", Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Evidence Based Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 13;20(2):1509. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021509.
Tobacco use was the second-leading risk factor for death, accounting for 15.4% of total deaths in 2019. In 2019, 20.4% (2.7 million) of the adult population in Kazakhstan, 36.5% of men, and 6.0% of women smoked tobacco. A cross-sectional study of a random sample (n = 1201) was conducted between October and December 2021 in accordance with the STEPwise approach. The tobacco-use questions were focused on current and previous smoking status, initiation and duration of smoking, amount of tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke, and information related to quitting smoking. From 20.8% of smokers, 93.8% of men and 80.2% of women use tobacco products daily, χ2 = 10.983, p-score < 0.001. The earliest initiation of smoking was 6 years old. The prevalence of smoking tobacco products in Kazakhstan is 20.8%, which means that every fifth adult smokes. In addition, the proportion of smokers among men was 38.5%, and among women, it was 10.1%. A total of 93.8% of men and 80.2% of women smoked daily. The role of healthcare professionals in smoking prevention is very low, and only 16.9% of respondents have been advised to quit smoking in the last 12 months. New interventions for tobacco smoking prevention are urgently needed in Kazakhstan.
吸烟是导致死亡的第二大风险因素，占 2019 年总死亡人数的 15.4%。2019 年，哈萨克斯坦 20.4%（270 万）的成年人口、36.5%的男性和 6.0%的女性吸烟。2021 年 10 月至 12 月，按照 STEPwise 方法进行了一项随机样本（n=1201）的横断面研究。吸烟问题集中在当前和以前的吸烟状况、吸烟的开始和持续时间、吸烟量、二手烟暴露以及与戒烟相关的信息。93.8%的男性和 80.2%的女性每天使用烟草制品，从 20.8%的吸烟者中，χ2=10.983，p 值<0.001。最早开始吸烟的年龄为 6 岁。哈萨克斯坦的吸烟率为 20.8%，这意味着每五个成年人中就有一个吸烟。此外，男性吸烟者的比例为 38.5%，女性为 10.1%。共有 93.8%的男性和 80.2%的女性每天吸烟。医疗保健专业人员在预防吸烟方面的作用非常低，只有 16.9%的受访者在过去 12 个月内被建议戒烟。哈萨克斯坦迫切需要新的烟草预防干预措施。
