Public Health Foundation Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Independent Researcher, Sana'a, Yemen.
BMJ Open. 2022 Jun 13;12(6):e057607. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057607.
To examine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with tobacco smoking in the Gambia.
A nationwide cross-sectional study.
The Gambia.
The study participants were both women and men aged between 15 and 49 years old. We included 16,066 men and women in our final analysis.
We analysed data from the Gambia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), 2019-2020. DHS collected nationally stratified data from local government areas and rural-urban areas. The outcome variable was the prevalence of tobacco smoking. Descriptive analysis, prevalence and logistic regression methods were used to analyse data to identify the potential determinants of tobacco smoking.
The response rate was 93%. The prevalence of current tobacco smoking was 9.92% in the Gambia in 2019-2020, of which, 81% of the consumers smoked tobacco daily. Men (19.3%) smoked tobacco much higher than women (0.65%) (p<0.001). People aged 40-49 years, with lower education, and manual workers were the most prevalent group of smoking in the Gambia (p<0.001).Men were 33 times more likely to smoke tobacco than women. The chance of consuming smoked tobacco increased with the increase of age (adjusted OR (AOR) 9.08, 95% CI 5.08 to 16.22 among adults aged 40-49 years, p<0.001). The strength of association was the highest among primary educated individuals (AOR 5.35, 95% CI 3.35 to 8.54).Manual workers (AOR 2.73) and people from the poorest households (AOR 1.86) were the risk groups for smoking. However, place of residency and region were insignificantly associated with smoking in the Gambia.
Men, older people, manual workers, individuals with lower education and lower wealth status were the vulnerable groups to tobacco smoking in the Gambia. Government should intensify awareness programmes on the harmful effects of smoking, and introduce proper cessation support services among tobacco smoking users prioritising these risk groups.
调查冈比亚 15 至 49 岁人群的吸烟流行情况及其与吸烟相关的危险因素。
全国性横断面研究。
冈比亚。
本研究的参与者包括年龄在 15 至 49 岁之间的男性和女性。我们的最终分析包括了 16066 名男性和女性。
我们对 2019-2020 年冈比亚人口与健康调查（DHS）的数据进行了分析。DHS 从地方政府区域和城乡地区收集了全国分层数据。因变量为吸烟流行情况。采用描述性分析、流行率和逻辑回归方法对数据进行分析，以确定吸烟的潜在决定因素。
应答率为 93%。2019-2020 年，冈比亚当前吸烟流行率为 9.92%，其中 81%的消费者每天吸烟。男性（19.3%）的吸烟率远高于女性（0.65%）（p<0.001）。40-49 岁、受教育程度较低和体力劳动者是冈比亚吸烟最普遍的人群（p<0.001）。男性吸烟的可能性是女性的 33 倍。随着年龄的增长，吸烟的可能性也会增加（40-49 岁成年人的调整后比值比（AOR）为 9.08，95%置信区间为 5.08 至 16.22，p<0.001）。在受教育程度较低的人群中，关联强度最高（AOR 5.35，95%置信区间 3.35 至 8.54）。体力劳动者（AOR 2.73）和来自最贫困家庭的人（AOR 1.86）是吸烟的高危人群。然而，居住地和地区与冈比亚的吸烟情况无显著相关性。
男性、老年人、体力劳动者、受教育程度较低和社会经济地位较低的人是冈比亚吸烟的脆弱群体。政府应加强吸烟危害的宣传活动，并在烟草使用者中优先开展适当的戒烟支持服务，重点关注这些高危人群。
