Azemi Nurul Adila, Azemi Ahmad Khusairi, Abu-Bakar Luqman, Sevakumaran Vigneswari, Muhammad Tengku Sifzizul Tengku, Ismail Noraznawati
Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Metabolites. 2022 Dec 30;13(1):53. doi: 10.3390/metabo13010053.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for almost one-third of all deaths. The risk factors for developing this disease include high levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alongside low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Dietary linoleic acid has been suggested to reduce these risk factors. This study aims to determine the effects of linoleic acid on cholesterol levels, liver function tests, and structural changes in liver tissue in comparison with fenofibrate in a hypercholesterolemic rat model. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats (150-180 g) were divided into non-hypercholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic groups. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in the rats by feeding them with a high-fat diet for two weeks. After two weeks, the non-hypercholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic rats were equally divided into six groups ( = 6): control non-hypercholesterolemic rats, non-hypercholesterolemic rats treated with fenofibrate (60 mg/kg), non-hypercholesterolemic rats treated with linoleic acid (5 mg/kg), control hypercholesterolemic rats, hypercholesterolemic rats treated with fenofibrate (60 mg/kg), and hypercholesterolemic rats treated with linoleic acid (5 mg/kg). The changes in the rats' body weight, serum lipid profiles, atherogenic indices, and liver function test results were obtained. The rats' liver tissues were stained for histopathological analysis. The linoleic acid-treated hypercholesterolemic rats exhibited significantly reduced serum TC, TG, LDL, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels, as well as increased HDL levels compared with the control hypercholesterolemic rats. These linoleic acid effects were comparable to those in the fenofibrate-treated hypercholesterolemic rats. In conclusion, linoleic acid possesses early anti-hypercholesterolemic properties, which may be due to the reductions in serum cholesterol levels and mild early structural changes in the liver tissues of hypercholesterolemic rats. Therefore, continued studies on linoleic acid in atherosclerotic and/or obese animal models are suggested.
心血管疾病是全球发病和死亡的主要原因，几乎占所有死亡人数的三分之一。引发这种疾病的风险因素包括血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）水平升高以及低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平升高，同时高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平降低。有人认为膳食亚油酸可以降低这些风险因素。本研究旨在与非诺贝特相比，确定亚油酸对高胆固醇血症大鼠模型中胆固醇水平、肝功能测试以及肝组织结构变化的影响。将36只雄性斯普拉格 - 道利大鼠（150 - 180克）分为非高胆固醇血症组和高胆固醇血症组。通过给大鼠喂食高脂饮食两周诱导其高胆固醇血症。两周后，将非高胆固醇血症和高胆固醇血症大鼠平均分为六组（每组n = 6）：非高胆固醇血症对照大鼠、用非诺贝特（60毫克/千克）治疗的非高胆固醇血症大鼠、用亚油酸（5毫克/千克）治疗的非高胆固醇血症大鼠、高胆固醇血症对照大鼠、用非诺贝特（60毫克/千克）治疗的高胆固醇血症大鼠以及用亚油酸（5毫克/千克）治疗的高胆固醇血症大鼠。获取大鼠体重、血清脂质谱、致动脉粥样硬化指数和肝功能测试结果的变化。对大鼠肝组织进行染色以进行组织病理学分析。与高胆固醇血症对照大鼠相比，用亚油酸治疗的高胆固醇血症大鼠的血清TC、TG和LDL、天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶水平显著降低，HDL水平升高。这些亚油酸的作用与用非诺贝特治疗的高胆固醇血症大鼠的作用相当。总之，亚油酸具有早期抗高胆固醇血症特性，这可能是由于高胆固醇血症大鼠血清胆固醇水平降低以及肝组织早期轻微结构变化所致。因此，建议在动脉粥样硬化和/或肥胖动物模型中继续对亚油酸进行研究。
