Cruz-López Flora, Martínez-Meléndez Adrián, Garza-González Elvira
Subdirección Académica de Químico Farmacéutico Biólogo, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina/Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Gonzalitos y Madero s/n, Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico.
Microorganisms. 2023 Jan 12;11(1):192. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11010192.
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are still a global public health concern, associated with high mortality and increased by the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance. Causative agents of HAIs are commonly found in the hospital environment and are monitored in epidemiological surveillance programs; however, the hospital environment is a potential reservoir for pathogenic microbial strains where microorganisms may persist on medical equipment surfaces, on the environment surrounding patients, and on corporal surfaces of patients and healthcare workers (HCWs). The characterization of hospital microbiota may provide knowledge regarding the relatedness between commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, their role in HAIs development, and the environmental conditions that favor its proliferation. This information may contribute to the effective control of the dissemination of pathogens and to improve infection control programs. In this review, we describe evidence of the contribution of hospital microbiota to HAI development and the role of environmental factors, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence factors of the microbial community in persistence on hospital surfaces.
医疗保健相关感染（HAIs）仍然是一个全球公共卫生问题，与高死亡率相关，并因抗菌药物耐药现象而增加。HAIs的病原体在医院环境中普遍存在，并在流行病学监测项目中受到监测；然而，医院环境是致病微生物菌株的潜在储存库，微生物可能在医疗设备表面、患者周围环境以及患者和医护人员（HCWs）的身体表面持续存在。医院微生物群的特征描述可以提供有关共生微生物和致病微生物之间的相关性、它们在HAIs发生中的作用以及有利于其增殖的环境条件的知识。这些信息可能有助于有效控制病原体的传播，并改善感染控制项目。在这篇综述中，我们描述了医院微生物群对HAIs发生的贡献的证据，以及环境因素、抗菌药物耐药性和微生物群落的毒力因子在医院表面持续存在中的作用。
