Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
PLoS Pathog. 2021 May 13;17(5):e1009514. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009514. eCollection 2021 May.
Animals live in symbiosis with numerous microbe species. While some can protect hosts from infection and benefit host health, components of the microbiota or changes to the microbial landscape have the potential to facilitate infections and worsen disease severity. Pathogens and pathobionts can exploit microbiota metabolites, or can take advantage of a depletion in host defences and changing conditions within a host, to cause opportunistic infection. The microbiota might also favour a more virulent evolutionary trajectory for invading pathogens. In this review, we consider the ways in which a host microbiota contributes to infectious disease throughout the host's life and potentially across evolutionary time. We further discuss the implications of these negative outcomes for microbiota manipulation and engineering in disease management.
动物与众多微生物物种共生。虽然有些微生物可以保护宿主免受感染并有益于宿主健康，但微生物群落的组成部分或微生物环境的变化有可能促进感染并加重疾病严重程度。病原体和条件致病菌可以利用微生物群落代谢产物，或者可以利用宿主防御能力下降和宿主内环境变化的机会，引起机会性感染。微生物群落也可能使入侵病原体更容易产生更具毒性的进化轨迹。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了宿主微生物群落如何在宿主的整个生命周期中以及可能在进化时间内促进传染病的发生。我们进一步讨论了这些负面结果对疾病管理中微生物群落操作和工程的影响。
