Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil.
Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil.
Molecules. 2023 Jan 5;28(2):563. doi: 10.3390/molecules28020563.
Liposomes are among the most studied nanostructures. They are effective carriers of active substances both in the clinical field, such as delivering genes and drugs, and in the food industry, such as promoting the controlled release of bioactive substances, including food preservatives. However, toxicological screenings must be performed to ensure the safety of nanoformulations. In this study, the nematode was used as an alternative model to investigate the potential in vivo toxicity of nanoliposomes encapsulating the antimicrobial peptide nisin. The effects of liposomes containing nisin, control liposomes, and free nisin were evaluated through the survival rate, lethal dose (LD), nematode development rate, and oxidative stress status by performing mutant strain, TBARS, and ROS analyses. Due to its low toxicity, it was not possible to experimentally determine the LD of liposomes. The survival rates of control liposomes and nisin-loaded liposomes were 94.3 and 73.6%, respectively. The LD of free nisin was calculated as 0.239 mg mL. Free nisin at a concentration of 0.2 mg mL significantly affected the development of , which was 25% smaller than the control and liposome-treated samples. A significant increase in ROS levels was observed after exposure to the highest concentrations of liposomes and free nisin, coinciding with a significant increase in catalase levels. The treatments induced lipid peroxidation as evaluated by TBARS assay. Liposome encapsulation reduces the deleterious effect on and can be considered a nontoxic delivery system for nisin.
脂质体是研究最多的纳米结构之一。它们是活性物质的有效载体，无论是在临床领域，如输送基因和药物，还是在食品工业中，如促进生物活性物质的控制释放，包括食品防腐剂。然而，必须进行毒理学筛选，以确保纳米制剂的安全性。在这项研究中，使用线虫作为替代模型来研究包封抗菌肽乳链菌肽的纳米脂质体的体内潜在毒性。通过进行突变株分析、TBARS 和 ROS 分析，评估了含有乳链菌肽的脂质体、对照脂质体和游离乳链菌肽的作用，评价指标包括存活率、致死剂量（LD）、线虫发育率和氧化应激状态。由于其低毒性，无法通过实验确定脂质体的 LD。对照脂质体和载有乳链菌肽的脂质体的存活率分别为 94.3%和 73.6%。游离乳链菌肽的 LD 计算为 0.239mg/mL。浓度为 0.2mg/mL 的游离乳链菌肽显著影响 的发育，比对照和脂质体处理的样品小 25%。暴露于最高浓度的脂质体和游离乳链菌肽后，观察到 ROS 水平显著增加，与过氧化氢酶水平的显著增加一致。TBARS 测定评估了处理诱导的脂质过氧化。脂质体包封减少了对 的有害影响，可以被认为是乳链菌肽的无毒递送系统。
