Determination of Chemical Composition and Investigation of Biological Activities of L.

This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of L., as well as to evaluate the antibacterial, antidiabetic, dermatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties, and the EOs and aqueous extracts of . The antibacterial activity was evaluated against bacterial strains, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, using the well diffusion and microdilution methods, whereas the antidiabetic activity was assessed in vitro using two enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. On the other hand, the dermatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities were studied by testing tyrosinase and lipoxygenase inhibition activity, respectively. The results showed that the chemical composition of EO (OBEO) is dominated by methyl chavicol (86%) and -anethol (8%). OBEO exhibited significant antibacterial effects against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, demonstrated by considerable diameters of the inhibition zones and lower MIC and MBC values. In addition, OBEO exhibited significant inhibition of α-amylase (IC = 50.51 ± 0.32 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC = 39.84 ± 1.2 μg/mL). Concerning the anti-inflammatory activity, OBEO significantly inhibited lipoxygenase activity (IC = 18.28 ± 0.03 μg/mL) compared to the aqueous extract (IC = 24.8 ± 0.01 μg/mL). Moreover, tyrosinase was considerably inhibited by OBEO (IC = 68.58 ± 0.03 μg/mL) compared to the aqueous extract (IC = 118.37 ± 0.05 μg/mL). The toxicological investigations revealed the safety of in acute and chronic toxicity. The finding of in silico analysis showed that methyl chavicol and -anethole (main compounds of OBEO) validate the pharmacokinetics of these compounds and decipher some antibacterial targets.