Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dental Medicine, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, BP 1893, Km 22, Road of Sidi Harazem, Fez 30070, Morocco.
Department of Nephrology, University of Hospital Hassan II, BP 1835, Atlas, Road of Sidi Harazem, Fez 30700, Morocco.
Molecules. 2023 Jan 9;28(2):667. doi: 10.3390/molecules28020667.
Saussurea costus (Falc) Lipsch is a traditional herb used to treat kidney stone problems because it contains several molecules used to treat this health problem, such as quercitrin. Infectious stones are the most painful of all urinary tract disorders, with ammonium phosphate (struvite) and carbapatite stones being the most common, caused by a bacterial infection with urease activity. These stones are treated with antibiotics, but antibiotic resistance is on the rise. The current study investigated the anti-urolithic activities of S. costus aqueous and ethanolic extracts of against struvite crystals synthesized using microscopic crystallization and turbidimetric methods, respectively. The utilized methods indicated that the ethanolic extract of this plant has a significant inhibitory effect on struvite crystallization, with a percentage inhibition of (87.45 ± 1.107) (p < 0.001) for a concentration of 1 mg mL−1 and a decrease in the number of struvite crystals, reaching values less than 100/mm3. For the number of struvite crystals inhibited by cystone, we found a value of 400/mm3 and with the aqueous extract we found 700/mm3. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts studied was examined against several urease-producing bacteria, and this activity was evaluated by qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods; the highest minimum inhibitory concentration was seen in the ethanolic extract, with an MIC of 50 mg mL−1 for Staphylococcus aureus followed by an MIC of 200 mg mL−1 for Klebsiella pneumoniae. It showed a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae (>50 mg mL−1 and >200 mg mL−1, respectively). Furthermore, to determine the extract’s anti-inflammatory activity, in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in rats. The results show that at a dose of 400 mg kg−1, the ethanolic extract has a maximum edema inhibition of 66%.
雪莲（Falc）唇是一种传统草药，用于治疗肾结石问题，因为它含有几种用于治疗这种健康问题的分子，如槲皮素。感染性结石是所有尿路疾病中最疼痛的，其中以磷酸铵镁（鸟粪石）和碳酸钙结石最为常见，由具有脲酶活性的细菌感染引起。这些结石用抗生素治疗，但抗生素耐药性正在上升。本研究分别采用显微镜结晶法和浊度法研究了雪莲水提物和醇提物对合成的鸟粪石晶体的抗结石活性。结果表明，该植物的醇提物对鸟粪石结晶具有显著的抑制作用，在浓度为 1 mg mL-1 时，抑制率为（87.45±1.107）%（p<0.001），并减少了鸟粪石晶体的数量，使其值小于 100/mm3。对于胱氨酸抑制的鸟粪石晶体数量，我们发现值为 400/mm3，而水提物为 700/mm3。研究了植物提取物对几种产脲酶细菌的抗菌活性，并通过定性和定量评估方法评估了这种活性；在醇提物中观察到最高的最小抑菌浓度（MIC），金黄色葡萄球菌的 MIC 为 50 mg mL-1，其次是肺炎克雷伯菌的 MIC 为 200 mg mL-1。它对金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌表现出最小杀菌浓度（MBC）>50 mg mL-1 和>200 mg mL-1。此外，为了确定提取物的抗炎活性，在大鼠体内进行了抗炎活性研究。结果表明，在 400 mg kg-1 的剂量下，醇提物的最大水肿抑制率为 66%。
