Luque Cristina, Cepero Ana, Perazzoli Gloria, Mesas Cristina, Quiñonero Francisco, Cabeza Laura, Prados Jose, Melguizo Consolación
Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Dec 23;16(1):22. doi: 10.3390/ph16010022.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the advances and success of current treatments (e.g., chemotherapy), there are multiple serious side effects which require the development of new treatment strategies. In recent years, fungi have gained considerable attention as a source of extracts and bioactive compounds with antitumor capabilities because of their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and even their anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. In the present review, a systematic search of the existing literature in four electronic databases was carried out in which the antitumor activity against CRC cells of Ascomycota fungi extracts or compounds was tested. The systematical research in the four databases resulted in a total of 883 articles. After applying exclusion and inclusion criteria, a total of 75 articles were finally studied. The order Eurotiales was the most studied (46% of the articles), and the ethyl acetate extraction was the most used method (49% of the papers). extracts and gliotoxin and acetylgliotoxin G bioactive compounds showed the highest cytotoxic activity. This review also focuses on the action mechanisms of the extracts and bioactive compounds of fungi against CRC, which were mediated by apoptosis induction and the arrest of the cell cycle, which induces a notable reduction in the CRC cell proliferation capacity, and by the reduction in cell migration that limits their ability to produce metastasis. Thus, the ability of fungi to induce the death of cancer cells through different mechanisms may be the basis for the development of new therapies that improve the current results, especially in the more advanced stages of the CCR.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球癌症相关死亡的第二大主要原因。尽管目前的治疗方法（如化疗）取得了进展和成功，但仍存在多种严重的副作用，这就需要开发新的治疗策略。近年来，真菌作为具有抗肿瘤能力的提取物和生物活性化合物的来源受到了广泛关注，这是因为它们具有抗菌和抗氧化特性，甚至还具有抗炎和抗病毒活性。在本综述中，我们对四个电子数据库中的现有文献进行了系统检索，其中测试了子囊菌提取物或化合物对CRC细胞的抗肿瘤活性。在这四个数据库中的系统研究共得到883篇文章。在应用排除和纳入标准后，最终共研究了75篇文章。散囊菌目是研究最多的目（占文章的46%），乙酸乙酯萃取是最常用的方法（占论文的49%）。提取物以及Gliotoxin和acetylgliotoxin G生物活性化合物显示出最高的细胞毒性活性。本综述还重点关注了真菌提取物和生物活性化合物对CRC的作用机制，这些机制是通过诱导细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞介导的，这会导致CRC细胞增殖能力显著降低，以及通过减少细胞迁移来限制其产生转移的能力。因此，真菌通过不同机制诱导癌细胞死亡的能力可能是开发新疗法的基础，这些新疗法可以改善目前的治疗效果，尤其是在CCR的更晚期阶段。
