Valletta Alessio, Iozia Lorenzo Maria, Fattorini Laura, Leonelli Francesca
Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jan 5;12(2):260. doi: 10.3390/plants12020260.
Cultivated rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population, providing approximately 20% of the world's food energy needs. A broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms causes rice diseases leading to huge yield losses worldwide. Wild and cultivated rice species are known to possess a wide variety of antimicrobial secondary metabolites, known as phytoalexins, which are part of their active defense mechanisms. These compounds are biosynthesized transiently by rice in response to pathogens and certain abiotic stresses. Rice phytoalexins have been intensively studied for over half a century, both for their biological role and their potential application in agronomic and pharmaceutical fields. In recent decades, the growing interest of the research community, combined with advances in chemical, biological, and biomolecular investigation methods, has led to a notable acceleration in the growth of knowledge on rice phytoalexins. This review provides an overview of the knowledge gained in recent decades on the diversity, distribution, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis, and bioactivity of rice phytoalexins, with particular attention to the most recent advances in this research field.
栽培稻是世界上一半以上人口的主食，提供了全球约20%的食物能量需求。多种致病微生物会引发水稻病害，导致全球范围内的巨大产量损失。已知野生稻和栽培稻品种拥有各种各样的抗菌次生代谢产物，即植保素，它们是水稻主动防御机制的一部分。这些化合物是水稻在受到病原体和某些非生物胁迫时短暂生物合成的。半个多世纪以来，人们对水稻植保素进行了深入研究，既研究了它们的生物学作用，也研究了它们在农学和制药领域的潜在应用。近几十年来，研究界日益浓厚的兴趣，再加上化学、生物学和生物分子研究方法的进步，使得关于水稻植保素的知识增长显著加速。本综述概述了近几十年来在水稻植保素的多样性、分布、生物合成、化学合成和生物活性方面所取得的知识，特别关注了该研究领域的最新进展。
