State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
Med Res Rev. 2021 Nov;41(6):2971-2997. doi: 10.1002/med.21816. Epub 2021 May 2.
Diterpenoids, including more than 18,000 compounds, represent an important class of metabolites that encompass both phytohormones and some industrially relevant compounds. These molecules with complex, diverse structures and physiological activities, have high value in the pharmaceutical industry. Most medicinal diterpenoids are extracted from plants. Major advances in understanding the biosynthetic pathways of these active compounds are providing unprecedented opportunities for the industrial production of diterpenoids by metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Here, we summarize recent developments in the field of diterpenoid biosynthesis from medicinal herbs. An overview of the pathways and known biosynthetic enzymes is presented. In particular, we look at the main findings from the past decade and review recent progress in the biosynthesis of different groups of ringed compounds. We also discuss diterpenoid production using synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies, and draw on new technologies and discoveries to bring together many components into a useful framework for diterpenoid production.
二萜类化合物，包括 18000 多种化合物，是一类重要的代谢产物，其中既包含植物激素，也包含一些具有工业应用价值的化合物。这些具有复杂多样结构和生理活性的分子在制药行业具有很高的价值。大多数药用二萜类化合物都是从植物中提取的。对这些活性化合物生物合成途径的深入了解，为通过代谢工程和合成生物学进行工业生产二萜类化合物提供了前所未有的机会。在这里，我们总结了药用植物中二萜类化合物生物合成的最新进展。概述了该途径和已知的生物合成酶。特别是，我们着眼于过去十年的主要发现，并回顾了不同环状化合物生物合成的最新进展。我们还讨论了使用合成生物学和代谢工程策略进行二萜类化合物的生产，并借鉴新技术和新发现，将许多成分整合到一个有用的二萜类化合物生产框架中。
