Annotation of the (Passifloraceae) Draft Genome Reveals the -Locus Evolved after the Divergence of Turneroideae from Passifloroideae in a Stepwise Manner.

A majority of species (Passifloraceae) exhibit distyly, a reproductive system involving both self-incompatibility and reciprocal herkogamy. This system differs from self-incompatibility in species. The genetic basis of distyly in is a supergene, restricted to the -morph, and containing three -genes. How supergenes and distyly evolved in , and the other Angiosperm families exhibiting distyly remain largely unknown. Unraveling the evolutionary origins in requires the generation of genomic resources and extensive phylogenetic analyses. Here, we present the annotated draft genome of the S-morph of distylous . Our annotation allowed for phylogenetic analyses of the three -genes' families across 56 plant species ranging from non-seed plants to eudicots. In addition to the phylogenetic analysis, we identified the three -genes' closest paralogs in two species of . Our analyses suggest that the -locus evolved after the divergence of and . Finally, to provide insights into the neofunctionalization of the -genes, we compared expression patterns of the -genes with close paralogs in and . The annotation of the genome will provide a useful resource for future comparative work. Additionally, this work has provided insights into the convergent nature of distyly and the origin of supergenes.