Bajczyk Mateusz, Jarmolowski Artur, Jozwiak Monika, Pacak Andrzej, Pietrykowska Halina, Sierocka Izabela, Swida-Barteczka Aleksandra, Szewc Lukasz, Szweykowska-Kulinska Zofia
Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jan 11;12(2):342. doi: 10.3390/plants12020342.
MicroRNAs are small RNAs, 20-22 nt long, the main role of which is to downregulate gene expression at the level of mRNAs. MiRNAs are fundamental regulators of plant growth and development in response to internal signals as well as in response to abiotic and biotic factors. Therefore, the deficiency or excess of individual miRNAs is detrimental to particular aspects of a plant's life. In consequence, the miRNA levels must be appropriately adjusted. To obtain proper expression of each miRNA, their biogenesis is controlled at multiple regulatory layers. Here, we addressed processes discovered to influence miRNA steady-state levels, such as transcription, co-transcriptional pri-miRNA processing (including splicing, polyadenylation, microprocessor assembly and activity) and miRNA-encoded peptides synthesis. MiRNA stability, RISC formation and miRNA export out of the nucleus and out of the plant cell also define the levels of miRNAs in various plant tissues. Moreover, we show the evolutionary conservation of miRNA biogenesis core proteins across the plant kingdom.
微小RNA是长度为20 - 22个核苷酸的小RNA，其主要作用是在mRNA水平下调基因表达。微小RNA是植物生长和发育的基本调节因子，可响应内部信号以及非生物和生物因子。因此，单个微小RNA的缺乏或过量对植物生命的特定方面是有害的。因此，微小RNA水平必须进行适当调节。为了使每个微小RNA正确表达，其生物合成在多个调控层面受到控制。在这里，我们探讨了已发现影响微小RNA稳态水平的过程，如转录、共转录初级微小RNA加工（包括剪接、聚腺苷酸化、微处理器组装和活性）以及微小RNA编码肽的合成。微小RNA的稳定性、RNA诱导沉默复合体的形成以及微小RNA从细胞核和植物细胞中输出也决定了各种植物组织中微小RNA的水平。此外，我们展示了植物界微小RNA生物合成核心蛋白的进化保守性。
