Treccarichi Simone, Ben Ammar Hajer, Amari Marwen, Cali Riccardo, Tribulato Alessandro, Branca Ferdinando
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy.
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Immunology and Biotechnology (LR99ES12), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jan 15;12(2):407. doi: 10.3390/plants12020407.
The gene flow from L. wild relatives to vegetable crops have occurred and continue to occur ordinarily in several Mediterranean countries, such as Sicily, representing an important hot spot of diversity for some of them, such as broccoli, cauliflower and kale. For detecting and for exploiting the forgotten alleles lost during the domestication processes of the crops, attention has been pointed to the individuation of specific markers for individuating genotypes characterized by hypertrophic inflorescence traits by the marker assisted selection (MAS) during the first plant growing phases after the crosses between broccoli ( var. )/cauliflower ( var. ) with wild relatives (n = 9), reducing the cultivation and evaluation costs. The desired traits often found in several wild relatives are mainly addressed to improve the plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and to increase the organoleptic, nutritive and nutraceutical traits of the products. One of the targeted traits for broccoli and cauliflower breeding is represented by the inflorescences size as is documented by the domestication processes of these two crops. Based on the previous results achieved, the numerical matrix, obtained utilizing five simple sequence repeats (SSRs), was analyzed to assess the relationship among the main inflorescence characteristics and the allelic variation of the SSRs loci analyzed (BoABI1, BoAP1, BoPLD1, BoTHL1 and PBCGSSRBo39), both for the and . wild relatives (n = 9) accessions set. The main inflorescence morphometric characteristics, such as weight, height, diameter, shape, inflorescence curvature angle and its stem diameter, were registered before the flower anthesis. We analyzed the correlations among the allelic variation of the SSRs primers utilized and the inflorescence morphometric characteristics to individuate genomic regions stimulating the hypertrophy of the reproductive organ. The relationships found explain the diversity among crops and the complex species (n = 9) for the inflorescence size and structure. The individuated markers allow important time reduction during the breeding programs after crossing wild species for transferring useful biotic and abiotic resistances and organoleptic and nutraceutical traits to the crops by MAS.
野生甘蓝近缘种与蔬菜作物之间的基因流动在几个地中海国家，如西西里岛，已经且仍在正常发生，西西里岛是其中一些作物（如西兰花、花椰菜和羽衣甘蓝）重要的多样性热点地区。为了检测和利用在作物驯化过程中丢失的被遗忘的等位基因，人们将注意力指向了特定标记的识别，以便通过标记辅助选择（MAS）在西兰花（变种）/花椰菜（变种）与野生近缘种（n = 9）杂交后的第一个植物生长阶段识别出具有肥大花序性状的基因型，从而降低种植和评估成本。在几个野生近缘种中经常发现的理想性状主要用于提高植物对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性，并增加产品的感官、营养和营养保健特性。西兰花和花椰菜育种的目标性状之一是花序大小，这在这两种作物的驯化过程中得到了证明。基于之前取得的结果，对利用五个简单序列重复（SSR）获得的数值矩阵进行了分析，以评估主要花序特征与所分析的SSR位点（BoABI1、BoAP1、BoPLD1、BoTHL1和PBCGSSRBo39）的等位基因变异之间的关系，这两个分析对象分别是野生近缘种（n = 9）的种质资源。在花开放前记录了主要花序的形态特征，如重量、高度、直径、形状、花序弯曲角度及其茎直径。我们分析了所使用的SSR引物的等位基因变异与花序形态特征之间的相关性，以识别刺激生殖器官肥大的基因组区域。所发现的关系解释了野生近缘种种质资源（n = 9）与作物在花序大小和结构方面的多样性。所识别出的标记可以在与野生物种杂交后的育种计划中显著减少时间，通过标记辅助选择将有用的生物和非生物抗性以及感官和营养保健性状转移到作物中。
