Lorent Dagny, Nowak Rafał, Jankowska Monika, Kuszel Łukasz, Zmora Paweł
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jan 3;11(1):118. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11010118.
Children are among the best vectors to spread respiratory viruses, including emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 due to the asymptomatic or relatively mild course of infection and simultaneously high titres of pathogens in the respiratory tract. Therefore, individuals who have constant contact with children, e.g., teachers should be vaccinated against COVID-19 as essential workers within the first phases of a vaccination campaign. In Poland, primary and secondary school teachers were vaccinated with ChAdOx1 from February 2021 with a three month interval between the two doses, while lecturers at medical universities, who are simultaneously healthcare workers, received the BNT126b2 vaccine from December 2020 with three weeks between the first and second doses. The aim of this study was to compare the antibody responses at two weeks and three months after vaccination and to estimate the vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 among infection-naïve teachers vaccinated with mRNA and a vector vaccine. We found that the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies were significantly higher among the lecturers but antibody waning was slower among the schoolteachers. However, those vaccinated with ChAdOx1 complained significantly more often of vaccine side effects. In addition, during the three months after the second vaccine dose no study participants were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The BNT126b2 vaccine gave higher antibody titres in comparison with ChAdOx1 but protection against COVID-19 in both cases was similar. Moreover, we did not find any anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein antibodies at two weeks as well as at three months after vaccination among the study participants, which shows a very high vaccine effectiveness in the occupational group with a high SARS-CoV-2-infection risk.
儿童是传播呼吸道病毒的最佳载体之一,包括严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)的新变种,这是由于感染过程无症状或相对轻微,同时呼吸道中病原体滴度很高。因此,与儿童经常接触的人,如教师,应作为重点人群在疫苗接种运动的第一阶段接种新冠病毒疫苗。在波兰,中小学教师自2021年2月起接种ChAdOx1疫苗,两剂之间间隔三个月,而医科大学的讲师同时也是医护人员,自2020年12月起接种BNT162b2疫苗,第一剂和第二剂之间间隔三周。本研究的目的是比较接种疫苗后两周和三个月时的抗体反应,并评估接种mRNA疫苗和载体疫苗的未感染过新冠病毒的教师中疫苗对新冠病毒的有效性。我们发现,讲师中的抗SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白抗体显著更高,但中小学教师抗体水平下降较慢。然而,接种ChAdOx1疫苗的人抱怨疫苗副作用的频率明显更高。此外,在第二剂疫苗接种后的三个月内,没有研究参与者感染SARS-CoV-2。与ChAdOx1相比,BNT162b2疫苗产生的抗体滴度更高,但在这两种情况下对新冠病毒的防护效果相似。此外,我们在研究参与者接种疫苗后两周和三个月时均未发现任何抗SARS-CoV-2核蛋白抗体,这表明在SARS-CoV-2感染风险较高的职业群体中疫苗有效性非常高。