Shen Ching-Ju, Lin Yen-Pin, Hu Shu-Yu, Shen Ching-Fen, Chuang Hui-Yu, Ker Chin-Ru, Sun Der-Ji, Yang Yu-Hsuan, Cheng Chao-Min
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jan 3;11(1):119. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11010119.
Background: It is well known that the implementation of routine immunizations to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases has a significant impact on the health and well-being of infants, children, and pregnant women. We aimed to evaluate the influence of influenza, tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine on the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among pregnant women, the priority population recommended for vaccination. Methods: We conducted a prospective study among pregnant women without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in Taiwan. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples at delivery were analyzed for the percentage of inhibition of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the original strain, Delta, and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the total antibody to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We examined the association between different doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in combination with influenza and Tdap vaccination, and two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with or without influenza and Tdap vaccines via a two-sample t-test. Results of p < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: 98 pregnant women were enrolled in our study, with 32 receiving two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine, 60 receiving three-dose of mRNA-1273, and 6 receiving one-dose of ChAdOx1 and two-dose of mRNA-1273. Twenty-one participants were immunized with SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and Tdap vaccines. Of these 21 individuals, there were no significant NAbs levels in maternal and cord blood samples against the Omicron variant, regardless of doses or type of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, antibody responses against the wild-type and Delta variant were significantly lower in all maternal sera in the two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine group. Among 32 women receiving two-dose mRNA-1273, significantly lower levels of NAbs in maternal sera were observed against the Delta variant and total antibody both in maternal sera and cord blood were observed in individuals receiving SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccine. Conclusion: This is the pilot study to demonstrate the effects of influenza and the Tdap vaccine on the immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among pregnant women. These results suggest that combination vaccination during pregnancy may result in immunogenic interactions.
众所周知，实施常规免疫接种以预防疫苗可预防疾病对婴儿、儿童和孕妇的健康与福祉具有重大影响。我们旨在评估流感、破伤风类毒素、白喉类毒素减量及无细胞百日咳（Tdap）疫苗对孕妇（建议接种疫苗的优先人群）中严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗免疫原性的影响。方法：我们在台湾未感染过SARS-CoV-2的孕妇中开展了一项前瞻性研究。分析分娩时母体和脐带血样本中针对SARS-CoV-2原始毒株、德尔塔毒株和奥密克戎变异株的中和抗体（NAbs）抑制百分比以及针对SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的总抗体。我们通过双样本t检验研究了不同剂量的SARS-CoV-2疫苗与流感和Tdap疫苗联合接种之间的关联，以及接种两剂SARS-CoV-2疫苗联合或不联合流感和Tdap疫苗的情况。p<0.05的结果被认为具有统计学意义。结果：98名孕妇参与了我们的研究，其中32人接种了两剂SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273疫苗，60人接种了三剂mRNA-1273，6人接种了一剂ChAdOx1和两剂mRNA-1273。21名参与者接种了SARS-CoV-2、流感和Tdap疫苗。在这21人中，无论SARS-CoV-2疫苗的剂量或类型如何，母体和脐带血样本中针对奥密克戎变异株均无显著的NAbs水平。然而，两剂SARS-CoV-2疫苗组所有母体血清中针对野生型和德尔塔变异株的抗体反应均显著较低。在32名接种两剂mRNA-1273的女性中，观察到母体血清中针对德尔塔变异株的NAbs水平显著较低，且在接种SARS-CoV-2和流感疫苗的个体中，母体血清和脐带血中的总抗体水平均较低。结论：这是一项初步研究，旨在证明流感和Tdap疫苗对孕妇中SARS-CoV-2疫苗免疫原性的影响。这些结果表明孕期联合接种疫苗可能会导致免疫原性相互作用。
