Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
Biochimie. 2023 Jun;209:73-84. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.01.013. Epub 2023 Jan 18.
Skin wound healing is a multifaceted process involving a cascade of molecular and cellular procedures that occur in four different phases: (a) hemostasis, (b) inflammation, (c) proliferation, and (d) tissue remodeling. Prolonged wound healing in skin is still a major challenge in treatment of wounds. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) accelerate cutaneous wound healing through their paracrine activity. Exosomes are one of the key secretory products of MSCs, mimicking the effects of parental MSCs in skin wound healing process. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (30-150 nm in diameter) that originate from endosomal pathways and transport numerous biomolecules, including DNAs, messenger RNAs, microRNAs, lipids, and proteins. They can be taken up by target cells and release their contents to modulate the activity of recipient cells. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo) reduce inflammation, promote proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and enhance angiogenesis in skin wound healing process. Therefore, exosomes are emerging as novel cell-cell communication mediators and have opened a novel viewpoint for developing cell-free therapies. This review aims to demonstrate the roles of exosomes in each step of skin wound healing through a comprehensive literature search.
皮肤伤口愈合是一个涉及一系列分子和细胞过程的多方面过程,这些过程发生在四个不同的阶段:(a)止血,(b)炎症,(c)增殖和(d)组织重塑。皮肤中伤口愈合时间延长仍然是治疗伤口的主要挑战。间充质干细胞(MSCs)通过旁分泌作用加速皮肤伤口愈合。外泌体是 MSC 的关键分泌产物之一,在外泌体在皮肤伤口愈合过程中模拟了亲本 MSC 的作用。外泌体是源自内体途径的小膜囊泡(直径 30-150nm),并运输多种生物分子,包括 DNA、信使 RNA、microRNAs、脂质和蛋白质。它们可以被靶细胞摄取,并释放其内容物来调节受体细胞的活性。源自间充质干细胞(MSC-Exo)的外泌体可减少皮肤伤口愈合过程中的炎症,促进增殖,抑制凋亡并增强血管生成。因此,外泌体作为新型细胞间通讯介质而出现,并为开发无细胞治疗方法开辟了新的视角。本综述通过全面的文献检索,旨在展示外泌体在皮肤伤口愈合的每个步骤中的作用。
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