Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America.
Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America.
J Affect Disord. 2023 Mar 15;325:695-700. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.059. Epub 2023 Jan 19.
Insecure attachment is associated with mental health morbidity. We explored associations between parent and offspring attachment style in a longitudinal study of families with a depressed parent.
Parents (N = 169) with a DSM-IV mood disorder and their adult offspring (N = 267), completed the Adult Attachment Questionnaire at one or more time points during up to 9.7 years of follow-up. Linear mixed effects models explored associations between parent and offspring anxious and avoidant attachment scores. Residualized models accounted for parent and offspring depression severity.
Avoidant attachment scores were associated between parents and offspring with (p = .034) and without (p = .012) adjustment for baseline age and sex of parent and offspring. Depressed father-offspring relationships showed more avoidant attachment in offspring compared to depressed mother-offspring pairs (p = .010). After accounting for depression severity, parent average residualized avoidant attachment scores did not significantly correlate with those of offspring (unadjusted p = .052; adjusted p = .085), though the effect sizes did not change substantially, and 75 % of the correlation was retained. Parent-son relationships exhibited stronger avoidant attachment correlations compared to parent-daughter pairs (p = .048).
Small sub-sample of fathers, parent and offspring assessments not always completed at the same time, and use of a self-report attachment style instrument.
Familial transmission of insecure avoidant attachment, a risk factor for negative mental health outcomes, merits research as a potential treatment target. In this preliminary study, its transmission to offspring seemed mostly independent of depression. Depressed fathers and their sons may deserve focus to reduce insecure avoidant attachment and improve clinical course.
不安全的依恋与心理健康障碍有关。我们在一项针对有抑郁父母的家庭的纵向研究中，探索了父母和子女依恋风格之间的关系。
父母（N=169）患有 DSM-IV 心境障碍，其成年子女（N=267）在长达 9.7 年的随访期间，在一个或多个时间点完成了成人依恋问卷。线性混合效应模型探讨了父母和子女焦虑和回避依恋得分之间的关系。残差模型考虑了父母和子女的抑郁严重程度。
回避依恋得分在父母和子女之间存在关联，无论是否调整父母和子女基线年龄和性别（p=0.034 和 p=0.012）。与抑郁母亲-子女对相比，抑郁父亲-子女对中子女表现出更多的回避依恋（p=0.010）。在考虑到抑郁严重程度后，父母平均残差回避依恋得分与子女的得分没有显著相关（未调整的 p=0.052；调整后的 p=0.085），尽管效应大小没有显著变化，并且保留了 75%的相关性。与父母-女儿对相比，父母-儿子对的回避依恋相关性更强（p=0.048）。
父亲的小亚组样本、父母和子女的评估并非总是在同一时间完成，以及使用自我报告的依恋风格量表。
不安全回避依恋的家族传递，这是负面心理健康结果的一个风险因素，值得作为潜在的治疗目标进行研究。在这项初步研究中，它对子女的传递似乎主要独立于抑郁。抑郁的父亲及其儿子可能需要关注，以减少不安全的回避依恋并改善临床病程。
