Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Carterra, 825 N. 300 W. Ste. C309, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA.
Cell Rep. 2023 Jan 31;42(1):112014. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112014. Epub 2023 Jan 12.
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern (VoC) and its sublineages contain 31-36 mutations in spike and escape neutralization by most therapeutic antibodies. In a pseudovirus neutralization assay, 66 of the nearly 400 candidate therapeutics in the Coronavirus Immunotherapeutic Consortium (CoVIC) panel neutralize Omicron and multiple Omicron sublineages. Among natural immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs), especially those in the receptor-binding domain (RBD)-2 epitope community, nearly all Omicron neutralizers recognize spike bivalently, with both antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) simultaneously engaging adjacent RBDs on the same spike. Most IgGs that do not neutralize Omicron bind either entirely monovalently or have some (22%-50%) monovalent occupancy. Cleavage of bivalent-binding IgGs to Fabs abolishes neutralization and binding affinity, with disproportionate loss of activity against Omicron pseudovirus and spike. These results suggest that VoC-resistant antibodies overcome mutagenic substitution via avidity. Hence, vaccine strategies targeting future SARS-CoV-2 variants should consider epitope display with spacing and organization identical to trimeric spike.
关注的 SARS-CoV-2 奥密克戎变体(VOC)及其亚谱系在刺突蛋白中含有 31-36 个突变,逃避了大多数治疗性抗体的中和作用。在假病毒中和测定中,冠状病毒免疫治疗联盟(CoVIC)小组中近 400 种候选治疗药物中的 66 种能够中和奥密克戎及其多个亚谱系。在天然免疫球蛋白 G(IgG)中,特别是在受体结合域(RBD)-2 表位社区的 IgG 中,几乎所有奥密克戎中和抗体都能同时结合两个抗原结合片段(Fab),从而使刺突蛋白具有二价亲和力,两个 Fab 同时结合同一刺突上相邻的 RBD。大多数不能中和奥密克戎的 IgG 要么完全以单价结合,要么有部分(22%-50%)单价占有率。将二价结合的 IgG 切割成 Fab 会破坏中和作用和结合亲和力,对奥密克戎假病毒和刺突的活性损失不成比例。这些结果表明,VOC 抗性抗体通过亲和力克服了诱变替代。因此,针对未来 SARS-CoV-2 变体的疫苗策略应考虑与三聚体刺突具有相同间距和结构的表位展示。
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