Kang Bo Ram, Kim Jin Ju, Hong Jin-Kyung, Schlosser Dietmar, Lee Tae Kwon
Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 06974, Republic of Korea.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Apr 1;331:117316. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117316. Epub 2023 Jan 20.
Wood-rotting fungi and their enzymatic systems represent promising biocatalysts for the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater. We designed a fungal wheel reactor (FWR) based on solid-state fermentation (SSF) of Trametes versicolor and a lignocellulosic substrate, which was used as an immobilization carrier for fungal biomass and the sole initial nutrient source for producing fungal oxidative enzymes. Three pharmaceutical and personal care products, acetaminophen, bisphenol A and carbamazepine, were spiked into the synthetic wastewater and the treatment was carried out under non-sterile conditions. Acetaminophen was completely removed from the FWR until laccase was observed. The acetaminophen removal efficiency was retrieved by replacing the fungal wheel with fresh SSF products. Bisphenol A and carbamazepine were removed via enzymatic activity and adsorption. When the fungal wheel was replaced, acetaminophen began to be completely removed, even after laccase depletion. The microbial community analysis indicated that the continuous removal of acetaminophen was mainly due to the high proportion of T. versicolor. The relative abundance of the co-occurring microbial community might be responsible for the divergence in acetaminophen removal between two of fungal wheel-replaced reactors. Overall, FWRs are promising tools for the removal of PPCPs by highly reactive enzymatic mechanisms as well as adsorption on the carrier surface. By replacing SSF and settled microbial communities, FWRs may continuously contribute to bioremediation over a long-term period.
木腐真菌及其酶系统是从废水中去除药物和个人护理产品（PPCPs）的有前景的生物催化剂。我们基于云芝的固态发酵（SSF）和木质纤维素底物设计了一种真菌轮式反应器（FWR），该底物用作真菌生物质的固定化载体和生产真菌氧化酶的唯一初始营养源。将三种药物和个人护理产品，对乙酰氨基酚、双酚A和卡马西平，添加到合成废水中，并在非无菌条件下进行处理。在观察到漆酶之前，对乙酰氨基酚从FWR中被完全去除。通过用新鲜的SSF产品替换真菌轮来恢复对乙酰氨基酚的去除效率。双酚A和卡马西平通过酶活性和吸附被去除。当更换真菌轮时，即使在漆酶耗尽后，对乙酰氨基酚也开始被完全去除。微生物群落分析表明，对乙酰氨基酚的持续去除主要是由于云芝的高比例。同时出现的微生物群落的相对丰度可能是两个更换真菌轮的反应器之间对乙酰氨基酚去除差异的原因。总体而言，FWR是通过高反应性酶机制以及在载体表面吸附来去除PPCPs的有前景的工具。通过更换SSF和沉降的微生物群落，FWR可能在长期内持续促进生物修复。
