Zarubin Vanessa C, Gupta Tina, Mittal Vijay A
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.
Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Jan 4;13:1102464. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1102464. eCollection 2022.
People meeting criteria for a clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis syndrome frequently represent a heterogeneous, help-seeking, and dynamic population. Among the numerous symptoms and risk factors for psychosis, exposure to trauma stands out as both highly prevalent and poorly understood. Indeed, while up to 80% of individuals meeting criteria for a CHR syndrome report trauma histories, there is currently limited research dedicated to this specific area. This is particularly problematic as trauma is tied to risk for conversion, leads to a range of clinical issues, and contributes to disability and poor quality of life. Fortunately, recent research in the general population has led to a significant evolution in the way trauma is assessed and understood, and further, some studies have indicated that targeted trauma interventions in formal psychotic disorders are highly effective. However, direct adoption is challenging as the CHR syndrome holds a number of unique concerns (e.g., clinical heterogeneity, developmental trauma), and characteristically, involves a developing pediatric or young adult population that also comes with specific considerations (e.g., living with caregivers, transitionary period in roles). In this "perspective" we frame the issues around understanding trauma in CHR individuals, discuss viable treatments and unique considerations, and provide suggestions for future steps in developing and incorporating trauma-focused interventions in this population.
符合精神病综合征临床高危(CHR)标准的人群往往是一个异质性、寻求帮助且动态变化的群体。在众多精神病症状和风险因素中,创伤暴露既极为普遍又鲜为人知。事实上,虽然高达80%符合CHR综合征标准的个体报告有创伤史,但目前针对这一特定领域的研究有限。这尤其成问题,因为创伤与转化风险相关,会导致一系列临床问题,并导致残疾和生活质量低下。幸运的是,普通人群的最新研究使创伤评估和理解方式有了重大进展,而且,一些研究表明,针对正式精神病性障碍的针对性创伤干预非常有效。然而,直接采用具有挑战性,因为CHR综合征存在一些独特问题(例如临床异质性、发育性创伤),而且其特征是涉及处于发育阶段的儿童或青年人群,这也带来了特定考量(例如与照顾者同住、角色转变期)。在这篇“观点”文章中,我们阐述了围绕理解CHR个体创伤的问题,讨论了可行的治疗方法和独特考量,并为在这一人群中开发和纳入以创伤为重点的干预措施的未来步骤提供了建议。