Augustine Jennifer March, Pivnick Lilla, Olson Julie Skalamera, Crosnoe Robert
University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
The University of Texas at Austin, USA.
Soc Curr. 2021 Jun;8(3):270-292. doi: 10.1177/2329496520978540. Epub 2020 Dec 22.
The economic segregation of U.S. schools undermines the academic performance of students, particularly students from low-income families who are often concentrated in high-poverty schools. Yet it also fuels the reproduction of inequality by harming their physical health. Integrating research on school effects with social psychological and ecological theories on how local contexts shape life course outcomes, we examined a conceptual model linking school poverty and adolescent students' weight. Applying multilevel modeling techniques to the first wave of data (1994-1995) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; = 18,924), the results revealed that individual students' likelihood of being overweight increased as the concentration of students from low-income families in their schools increased, net of their own background characteristics. This linkage was connected to a key contextual factor: the exposure of students in high-poverty schools to other overweight students. This exposure may partly matter because of the lower prevalence of dieting norms in such schools, although future research should continue to examine potential mechanisms.
美国学校的经济隔离削弱了学生的学业表现，尤其是那些来自低收入家庭的学生，他们往往集中在高贫困率的学校。然而，这种隔离还通过损害学生的身体健康加剧了不平等的再生产。我们将关于学校影响的研究与社会心理学和生态学理论相结合，探讨当地环境如何塑造人生轨迹结果，进而研究了一个将学校贫困与青少年体重联系起来的概念模型。我们运用多层次建模技术，对青少年到成人健康全国纵向研究（Add Health；样本量 = 18,924）的第一波数据（1994 - 1995年）进行分析，结果显示，排除学生自身背景特征的影响后，随着学校中来自低收入家庭学生的比例增加，个体学生超重的可能性也随之增加。这种联系与一个关键的背景因素有关：高贫困率学校的学生与其他超重学生接触。这种接触可能部分是因为此类学校中节食规范的流行程度较低，不过未来的研究应继续探究潜在机制。
