Jwa Sinchul, Yuyama Yoshihiko, Yoshida Hisako, Hamazaki Takashi
Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
Vaccine X. 2022 Dec 23;13:100254. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100254. eCollection 2023 Apr.
The Japanese vaccination rate for infants and children is seemingly excellent, except for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Regardless of its efficacy, the inoculation rate in Japan has dropped to approximately 1 % since 2013 because of negative information about vaccine side effects. We aimed to demonstrate the factors that lead to low vaccine acceptance rates (e.g., caregiver attitudes, popular misconceptions) to inform the relevant target demographic of a stronger intention to immunize and to facilitate recovery of HPV vaccine coverage.
We conducted this study using data from two questionnaire surveys. Statistical analyses of factors affecting vaccine impressions and mediation effects of HPV vaccine impressions were performed. The difference in the knowledge about each vaccine was evaluated.
Of the respondents, 95.9 % reported their intent to vaccinate their infants, whereas 58.2-78.3 % felt that they sufficiently understood the aims, efficacy, and risks of vaccination and 66.6 % had a positive impression of vaccines. Overall, 21.3 % of parents responded that they planned to have their child vaccinated against HPV, and 25.8 % had a favorable impression of this vaccine. Among factors affecting vaccine impressions, we found that parents had anxiety about vaccines when they felt that their knowledge of vaccines was insufficient. Additionally, impressions of the HPV vaccine had a mediating effect on the association between the impressions of infant vaccines and parents' intent to provide the vaccine to their children.
These findings show that as a society, we need to improve impressions and knowledge regarding vaccines, including but not exclusively the HPV vaccine. Moreover, although the recovery of HPV vaccine coverage is strongly desired for improving public health, simply improving impressions about the HPV vaccine or educating parents with substantive knowledge is insufficient. Instead, improving impressions and understanding of the vaccination itself is necessary.
除人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗外，日本婴幼儿的疫苗接种率看似很高。尽管HPV疫苗有效，但自2013年以来，由于有关疫苗副作用的负面信息，日本的接种率已降至约1%。我们旨在揭示导致疫苗接受率低的因素（如看护者态度、普遍误解），以便让相关目标人群更有意愿进行免疫接种，并促进HPV疫苗接种覆盖率的恢复。
我们使用两次问卷调查的数据进行了这项研究。对影响疫苗印象的因素及HPV疫苗印象的中介效应进行了统计分析。评估了对每种疫苗知识的差异。
在受访者中，95.9%表示打算为婴儿接种疫苗，而58.2% - 78.3%的人认为他们充分了解接种疫苗的目的、功效和风险，66.6%对疫苗有正面印象。总体而言，21.3%的家长表示计划让孩子接种HPV疫苗，25.8%对该疫苗有好感。在影响疫苗印象的因素中，我们发现当家长觉得自己对疫苗的了解不足时，他们会对疫苗感到焦虑。此外，HPV疫苗的印象对婴儿疫苗印象与家长给孩子接种疫苗意愿之间的关联有中介作用。
这些研究结果表明，作为一个社会，我们需要改善对疫苗的印象和知识，包括但不限于HPV疫苗。此外，尽管为改善公众健康非常希望恢复HPV疫苗接种覆盖率，但仅仅改善对HPV疫苗的印象或用实质性知识教育家长是不够的。相反，有必要改善对疫苗接种本身的印象和理解。
