Mohsan Syed Agha Hassnain, Othman Nawaf Qasem Hamood, Li Yanlong, Alsharif Mohammed H, Khan Muhammad Asghar
Optical Communications Laboratory, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 1, Zhoushan, 316021 Zhejiang China.
School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.
Intell Serv Robot. 2023;16(1):109-137. doi: 10.1007/s11370-022-00452-4. Epub 2023 Jan 16.
Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones have emerged as a ubiquitous and integral part of our society. They appear in great diversity in a multiplicity of applications for economic, commercial, leisure, military and academic purposes. The drone industry has seen a sharp uptake in the last decade as a model to manufacture and deliver convergence, offering synergy by incorporating multiple technologies. It is due to technological trends and rapid advancements in control, miniaturization, and computerization, which culminate in secure, lightweight, robust, more-accessible and cost-efficient UAVs. UAVs support implicit particularities including access to disaster-stricken zones, swift mobility, airborne missions and payload features. Despite these appealing benefits, UAVs face limitations in operability due to several critical concerns in terms of flight autonomy, path planning, battery endurance, flight time and limited payload carrying capability, as intuitively it is not recommended to load heavy objects such as batteries. As a result, the primary goal of this research is to provide insights into the potentials of UAVs, as well as their characteristics and functionality issues. This study provides a comprehensive review of UAVs, types, swarms, classifications, charging methods and regulations. Moreover, application scenarios, potential challenges and security issues are also examined. Finally, future research directions are identified to further hone the research work. We believe these insights will serve as guidelines and motivations for relevant researchers.
近年来，无人机已成为我们社会中无处不在且不可或缺的一部分。它们在经济、商业、休闲、军事和学术等多种应用中呈现出极大的多样性。在过去十年中，无人机行业作为一种制造和交付融合的模式迅速兴起，通过整合多种技术实现协同效应。这得益于控制、小型化和计算机化方面的技术趋势和快速进步，最终造就了安全、轻便、坚固、更易获取且成本效益高的无人机。无人机具有一些独特优势，包括能够进入受灾地区、具备快速机动性、可执行空中任务以及拥有搭载有效载荷的特性。尽管有这些诱人的优点，但由于在飞行自主性、路径规划、电池续航、飞行时间和有限的有效载荷承载能力等几个关键方面存在问题，无人机在操作性上仍面临限制，因为直观来讲，不建议搭载诸如电池等重物。因此，本研究的主要目标是深入探讨无人机的潜力以及它们的特性和功能问题。本研究对无人机、类型、集群、分类、充电方法和相关规定进行了全面综述。此外，还研究了应用场景、潜在挑战和安全问题。最后，确定了未来的研究方向，以进一步完善研究工作。我们相信这些见解将为相关研究人员提供指导和动力。
