Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2023 Mar;23(3):195-200. doi: 10.1007/s11882-023-01065-2. Epub 2023 Jan 23.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The COVID-19 vaccines have proved essential in our defense against the COVID-19 pandemic. However, concerns regarding allergic reactions to the vaccines persist to this day. Herein, we review the data regarding the frequency of allergic reactions to the COVID-19 vaccines, the epidemiology, and the management of patients reporting vaccine allergic reactions. RECENT FINDINGS: Although initial reports emphasized a high risk of anaphylaxis to the COVID-19 vaccines, more recent data demonstrate similar rates of anaphylaxis to the COVID-19 vaccines as to other vaccines. Alternative explanations for increased rates of apparent allergic reactions are discussed, including the role for stress-related and nocebo responses. COVID-19 vaccines and mRNA vaccine technology are overwhelmingly safe and well-tolerated by most patients. Careful history and case review will enable the discerning physician to safely vaccinate most patients. Rare patients with objective signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis may be candidates for alternatives to vaccination including monoclonal antibodies.
目的综述:COVID-19 疫苗在我们对抗 COVID-19 大流行的过程中证明是必不可少的。然而,人们对疫苗过敏反应的担忧至今仍未消除。在此,我们回顾了 COVID-19 疫苗过敏反应的频率、流行病学以及报告疫苗过敏反应患者的管理方面的数据。
最新发现:尽管最初的报告强调了 COVID-19 疫苗发生过敏反应的高风险,但最近的数据表明,COVID-19 疫苗的过敏反应发生率与其他疫苗相似。还讨论了导致明显过敏反应发生率增加的其他解释,包括应激相关和反安慰剂反应的作用。COVID-19 疫苗和 mRNA 疫苗技术对大多数患者来说是安全且耐受性良好的。仔细的病史和病例回顾将使有辨别能力的医生能够安全地为大多数患者接种疫苗。极少数有过敏反应客观体征和症状的患者可能是接种疫苗替代品(包括单克隆抗体)的候选者。
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