Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Research Program Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Research Program Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Alcohol. 2023 Jun;109:13-22. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.12.003. Epub 2023 Jan 21.
Only a small minority of all attempts to stop smoking are successful, especially among smokers who are heavy drinkers and those with an alcohol use disorder. The current systematic review focuses on the negative effects of alcohol use, either before or during attempts to quit smoking, on the success rate of these attempt(s) in alcohol-drinking tobacco smokers. We conducted a systematic review of naturalistic and experimental studies, which included at least 40 tobacco smokers with a recorded drinking status (non-drinking, heavy drinking, alcohol use disorder) and a clearly documented change in alcohol consumption. We could not conduct a meta-analysis and, thus, used consistency across studies to draw conclusions. The evidence presented here shows that alcohol use is associated with lower rates of success in quitting smoking in 20 out of 27 studies. This includes both lapses and relapses. Similarly, in 19 out of 20 long-term follow-up studies, the duration of smoking abstinence was shorter among persons with higher alcohol consumption. Finally, 12 out of 13 experimental studies showed that exposure of smokers to alcohol cues or to drinking of alcohol induce a strong propensity to smoke. It is, therefore, recommended for smokers who drink alcohol and who intend to quit smoking to use an integrated approach, i.e., to stop or substantially reduce their alcohol consumption before and/or during their attempt to quit smoking.
只有一小部分戒烟尝试是成功的，尤其是在重度饮酒者和有酒精使用障碍的吸烟者中。本系统评价的重点是在戒烟尝试之前或期间饮酒对饮酒吸烟人群戒烟成功率的负面影响。我们对自然和实验研究进行了系统评价，这些研究至少包括 40 名记录有饮酒状况（非饮酒、重度饮酒、酒精使用障碍）且明确记录饮酒量变化的吸烟者。我们无法进行荟萃分析，因此，我们利用研究间的一致性来得出结论。这里提出的证据表明，在 27 项研究中的 20 项研究中，饮酒与戒烟成功率较低相关。这包括戒断和复吸。同样，在 20 项长期随访研究中的 19 项研究中，饮酒量较高的人吸烟戒断的持续时间较短。最后，13 项实验研究中的 12 项表明，暴露于酒精线索或饮酒会引起强烈的吸烟倾向。因此，建议饮酒的吸烟者在尝试戒烟之前和/或期间采用综合方法，即停止或大量减少饮酒。
