Department of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Kodakyar Ave.Daneshjo Blvd, Evin, Tehran, 1985713834, PC, Iran.
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023 Jan 23;24(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s12891-023-06168-5.
Frequent smartphone use in a pathological way forces the user to adopt a compromised posture. This gradually results in changes to both the postural and musculoskeletal systems. This study's objectives were evaluation of head posture, muscle endurance, neck range of motion (ROM) and joint position sense in two separate smartphone user groups, one 'Addicted', the other 'Non-Addicted'.
A sample of convenience (n = 60) was recruited from medical students (age 24.57 ± 4.38, 53.3% male) with a history of smartphones use > 2 h/day for 1-year. Based on the cut-off values of the smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV), participants were entered into each group (cut-off for male ≥ 31, female ≥ 33). Neck muscle endurance time, joint position error and cervical ROM, along with forward head posture parameters of craniovertebral angle (CVA), shoulder angle (SA), sagittal head angle (SHA) and forward head distance (FHD)) were evaluated. A Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to determine the difference between groups and the correlations between variables.
The difference between 'Addicted' and 'Non-Addicted' groups was confirmed by the values for SAS-SV scores (25.23 ± 5.5 versus 43.9 ± 6.61) (p < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences between groups for the CVA and FHD parameters (p < 0.001). Further, the neck extensor muscle endurance (97 ± 3.79 versus 74.86 ± 2.23 s), was significantly different between groups (p = 0.010) but not after Bonferroni correction. There was no notable difference in the neck flexor muscle endurance, joint position error, SA, and SHA parameters between groups (p > 0.05).
There is a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and both decreased extensor muscle endurance and changes in neck postural alignment.
病理性频繁使用智能手机迫使用户采取妥协的姿势。这逐渐导致姿势和肌肉骨骼系统的变化。本研究的目的是评估两组智能手机用户（一组为“成瘾者”，另一组为“非成瘾者”）的头部姿势、肌肉耐力、颈部活动范围（ROM）和关节位置感。
从每天使用智能手机超过 2 小时、使用时间达 1 年的医学生中，采用方便样本（n=60；年龄 24.57±4.38 岁，53.3%为男性）。根据智能手机成瘾量表短版（SAS-SV）的截断值，将参与者分为每组（男性≥31，女性≥33）。评估颈部肌肉耐力时间、关节位置误差和颈椎 ROM 以及颅颈椎角（CVA）、肩部角度（SA）、矢状头部角度（SHA）和头部前伸距离（FHD）的头部前伸参数。采用 Mann-Whitney 检验和 Spearman 相关系数来确定组间差异和变量间的相关性。
通过 SAS-SV 评分（25.23±5.5 与 43.9±6.61）（p<0.001）证实了“成瘾者”和“非成瘾者”组之间的差异。CVA 和 FHD 参数在组间存在统计学差异（p<0.001）。此外，颈部伸肌肌肉耐力（97±3.79 与 74.86±2.23 s）在组间也有显著差异（p=0.010），但在经过 Bonferroni 校正后则无差异。组间颈部屈肌肌肉耐力、关节位置误差、SA 和 SHA 参数无明显差异（p>0.05）。
智能手机成瘾与颈部伸肌肌肉耐力下降和颈部姿势排列改变呈正相关。
