Roth Louise Marie, Lee Jennifer Hyunkyung
University of Arizona.
J Health Polit Policy Law. 2023 Aug 1;48(4):511-543. doi: 10.1215/03616878-10449905.
State laws have influenced access to abortion in the 50 years since Roe v. Wade. The 2022 Dobbs decision returned questions about the legality of abortion to the states, which increased the importance of state laws for abortion access. The objective of this study is to illustrate trends in abortion-restrictive and abortion-supportive state laws using a unique longitudinal database of reproductive health laws across the United States from 1994 to 2022. This study offers a descriptive analysis of historical trends in state-level pre-viability abortion bans, abortion method bans, efforts to dissuade abortion, TRAP (targeted regulation of abortion providers) laws, other laws that restrict reproductive choice, and laws that expand abortion access and support reproductive health. Data sources include state statutes (from Nexis Uni) and secondary sources. The data reveal that pre-viability bans, including gestation-based bans and total bans, became significantly more prevalent over time. Other abortion-restrictive laws increased from 1994 to 2022, but states also passed a growing number of laws that support reproductive health. Increasing polarization into abortion-restrictive and abortion-supportive states characterized the 1994-2022 period. These trends have implications for maternal and infant health and for racial/ethnic and income disparities.
自罗诉韦德案以来的50年里，州法律影响了堕胎的可及性。2022年的多布斯裁决将堕胎合法性问题交回各州，这增加了州法律对堕胎可及性的重要性。本研究的目的是利用1994年至2022年美国生殖健康法律的独特纵向数据库，阐述限制堕胎和支持堕胎的州法律的趋势。本研究对州一级胎儿存活前堕胎禁令、堕胎方法禁令、劝阻堕胎的措施、TRAP（针对堕胎提供者的针对性监管）法律、其他限制生殖选择的法律以及扩大堕胎可及性和支持生殖健康的法律的历史趋势进行了描述性分析。数据来源包括州法规（来自Nexis Uni）和二手资料。数据显示，胎儿存活前禁令，包括基于妊娠期的禁令和全面禁令，随着时间的推移变得明显更加普遍。1994年至2022年期间，其他限制堕胎的法律有所增加，但各州也通过了越来越多支持生殖健康的法律。1994年至2022年期间的特点是，各州在限制堕胎和支持堕胎方面的两极分化加剧。这些趋势对母婴健康以及种族/族裔和收入差距都有影响。
