Visual Attention Lab, Department of Surgery, Visual Attention Lab, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology & Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Enveritas, 450 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10011, USA.
Curr Biol. 2023 Jan 23;33(2):405-410.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.040.
It is well known that humans have a massive memory for pictures and scenes. They show an ability to encode thousands of images with only a few seconds of exposure to each. In addition to this massive memory for "what" observers have seen, three experiments reported here show that observers have a "spatial massive memory" (SMM) for "where" stimuli have been seen and a "temporal massive memory" (TMM) for "when" stimuli have been seen. The positions in time and space for at least dozens of items can be reported with good, if not perfect accuracy. Previous work has suggested that there might be good memory for stimulus location, but there do not seem to have been concerted efforts to measure the extent of this memory. Moreover, in our method, observers are recalling where items were located and not merely recognizing the correct location. This is interesting because massive memory is sometimes thought to be limited to recognition tasks based on sense of familiarity.
众所周知，人类对图片和场景有着巨大的记忆能力。他们能够在几秒钟的时间内对数千张图像进行编码。除了对“所见”的大量记忆外，这里报告的三个实验还表明，观察者对“所见”刺激的“空间大量记忆”（SMM）和“所见”刺激的“时间大量记忆”（TMM）。至少几十项的时间和空间位置可以报告得很好，如果不是完美的准确性。以前的工作表明，对刺激位置可能有很好的记忆，但似乎没有一致的努力来衡量这种记忆的程度。此外，在我们的方法中，观察者回忆的是项目所在的位置，而不仅仅是识别正确的位置。这很有趣，因为大量的记忆有时被认为仅限于基于熟悉感的识别任务。
