Chapuis Marie-Pierre, Leménager Nicolas, Piou Cyril, Roumet Pierre, Marche Héloïse, Centanni Julia, Estienne Christophe, Ecarnot Martin, Vasseur François, Violle Cyrille, Kazakou Elena
CIRAD, CBGP Montpellier France.
CBGP, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, IRD, Univ Montpellier Montpellier France.
Ecol Evol. 2023 Jan 17;13(1):e9741. doi: 10.1002/ece3.9741. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Lower plant resistance to herbivores following domestication has been suggested as the main cause for higher feeding damage in crops than in wild progenitors. While herbivore compensatory feeding has also been proposed as a possible mechanism for raised damage in crops with low nutritional quality, predictions regarding the effects of plant domestication on nutritional quality for herbivores remain unclear. In particular, data on primary metabolites, even major macronutrients, measured in the organs consumed by herbivores, are scarce. In this study, we used a collection of 10 accessions of wild ancestors and 10 accessions of modern progenies of to examine whether feeding damage and selectivity by nymphs of primarily depended on five leaf traits related to structural resistance or nutrient profiles. Our results unexpectedly showed that locusts favored wild ancestors over domesticated accessions and that leaf toughness and nitrogen and soluble protein contents increased with the domestication process. Furthermore, the quantitative relationship between soluble protein and digestible carbohydrates was found to poorly meet the specific requirements of the herbivore, in all wheat accessions, both wild and modern. The increase in leaf structural resistance to herbivores in domesticated tetraploid wheat accessions suggested that resource allocation trade-offs between growth and herbivory resistance may have been disrupted by domestication in the vegetative organs of this species. Since domestication did not result in a loss of nutritional quality in the leaves of the tetraploid wheat, our results rather provides evidence for a role of the content of plants in nonnutritive nitrogenous secondary compounds, possibly deterrent or toxic, at least for grasshopper herbivores.
驯化后植物对食草动物的抗性降低被认为是作物遭受的取食损害高于野生祖先的主要原因。虽然也有人提出食草动物的补偿性取食是营养质量低的作物损害增加的一种可能机制，但关于植物驯化对食草动物营养质量影响的预测仍不明确。特别是，在食草动物取食的器官中测量的初级代谢产物，甚至主要常量营养素的数据都很稀少。在本研究中，我们收集了10份野生祖先材料和10份现代后代材料，以研究[具体昆虫名称]若虫的取食损害和选择性是否主要取决于与结构抗性或营养成分相关的五个叶片性状。我们的结果出乎意料地表明，蝗虫更喜欢野生祖先材料而非驯化材料，并且叶片韧性以及氮和可溶性蛋白含量随着驯化过程而增加。此外，在所有野生和现代小麦材料中，都发现可溶性蛋白和可消化碳水化合物之间的定量关系很难满足食草动物的特定需求。驯化的四倍体小麦材料中叶片对食草动物的结构抗性增加，这表明在该物种的营养器官中，驯化可能破坏了生长和抗食草动物之间的资源分配权衡。由于驯化并未导致四倍体小麦叶片营养质量的损失，我们的结果反而为植物中可能具有威慑或毒性作用的非营养性含氮次生化合物的含量所起的作用提供了证据，至少对蝗虫食草动物而言是这样。
