New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University Irving Medical Center Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medication Development for Substance Use Disorders and Overdose, Seattle WA, USA.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2023 Jan;32(1):77-87. doi: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2173062. Epub 2023 Feb 12.
Development and implementation of effective treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) and prevention of overdose are urgent public health needs. Though existing medications for OUD (MOUD) are effective, barriers to initiation and retention in treatment persist. Therefore, development of novel treatments, especially those may complement existing treatments, is needed.
This review provides an overview of vaccines for substance use disorders (SUD) and mechanisms underlying their function and efficacy. Next, we focus on existing preclinical and clinical trials of SUD vaccines. We focus briefly on related strategies before providing an expert opinion on prior, current, and future work on vaccines for OUD. We included published findings from preclinical and clinical trials found on PubMed and ScienceDirect as well as ongoing or initiated trials listed on ClinicalTrials.gov.
The present opioid overdose and OUD crises necessitate urgent development and implementation of effective treatments, especially those that offer protection from overdose and can serve as adjuvants to existing medications. Promising preclinical trial results paired with careful efforts to develop vaccines that account for prior SUD vaccine shortcomings offer hope for current and future clinical trials of opioid vaccines. Clinical advantages of opioid vaccines appear to outnumber disadvantages, which may result in improved treatment options.
开发和实施有效的阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）治疗方法和预防药物过量是当前紧迫的公共卫生需求。尽管现有的阿片类药物使用障碍（MOUD）治疗药物有效，但在治疗开始和维持方面仍然存在障碍。因此，需要开发新的治疗方法，特别是可能补充现有治疗方法的治疗方法。
本文综述了用于物质使用障碍（SUD）的疫苗及其作用机制和疗效的相关内容。接下来，我们重点介绍了 SUD 疫苗的现有临床前和临床试验。在提供关于阿片类药物使用障碍疫苗的先前、当前和未来工作的专家意见之前，我们简要介绍了相关策略。我们纳入了在 PubMed 和 ScienceDirect 上发表的临床前和临床试验的发现，以及在 ClinicalTrials.gov 上列出的正在进行或已启动的试验。
目前的阿片类药物过量和 OUD 危机需要紧急开发和实施有效的治疗方法，特别是那些可以预防药物过量并可作为现有药物辅助手段的治疗方法。有希望的临床前试验结果，加上精心开发能够弥补先前 SUD 疫苗缺点的疫苗的努力，为阿片类药物疫苗的当前和未来临床试验带来了希望。阿片类药物疫苗的临床优势似乎超过了劣势，这可能会带来更多改善治疗选择的机会。
