Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Applied Physics-Meteorology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Environ Int. 2023 Feb;172:107744. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107744. Epub 2023 Jan 13.
The 2017-2019 hourly particle number size distributions (PNSD) from 26 sites in Europe and 1 in the US were evaluated focusing on 16 urban background (UB) and 6 traffic (TR) sites in the framework of Research Infrastructures services reinforcing air quality monitoring capacities in European URBAN & industrial areaS (RI-URBANS) project. The main objective was to describe the phenomenology of urban ultrafine particles (UFP) in Europe with a significant air quality focus. The varying lower size detection limits made it difficult to compare PN concentrations (PNC), particularly PN, from different cities. PNCs follow a TR > UB > Suburban (SUB) order. PNC and Black Carbon (BC) progressively increase from Northern Europe to Southern Europe and from Western to Eastern Europe. At the UB sites, typical traffic rush hour PNC peaks are evident, many also showing midday-morning PNC peaks anti-correlated with BC. These peaks result from increased PN, suggesting significant PNC contributions from nucleation, fumigation and shipping. Site types to be identified by daily and seasonal PNC and BC patterns are: (i) PNC mainly driven by traffic emissions, with marked correlations with BC on different time scales; (ii) marked midday/morning PNC peaks and a seasonal anti-correlation with PNC/BC; (iii) both traffic peaks and midday peaks without marked seasonal patterns. Groups (ii) and (iii) included cities with high insolation. PNC, especially PN, was positively correlated with BC, NO, CO and PM for several sites. The variable correlation of PNSD with different urban pollutants demonstrates that these do not reflect the variability of UFP in urban environments. Specific monitoring of PNSD is needed if nanoparticles and their associated health impacts are to be assessed. Implementation of the CEN-ACTRIS recommendations for PNSD measurements would provide comparable measurements, and measurements of <10 nm PNC are needed for full evaluation of the health effects of this size fraction.
2017-2019 年，来自欧洲 26 个地点和美国 1 个地点的每小时粒子数大小分布（PNSD）在 Research Infrastructures services reinforcing air quality monitoring capacities in European URBAN & industrial areaS（RI-URBANS）项目框架内进行了评估，重点关注 16 个城市背景（UB）和 6 个交通（TR）地点。主要目标是描述欧洲城市超细颗粒（UFP）的现象学，重点关注空气质量。不同的下限检测限使得难以比较来自不同城市的 PN 浓度（PNC），特别是 PN。PNC 遵循 TR>UB>Suburban（SUB）的顺序。PNC 和黑碳（BC）从北欧到南欧，从西欧到东欧逐渐增加。在 UB 站点，明显的交通高峰时段 PNC 峰值，许多站点还显示与 BC 呈反相关的中午-早晨 PNC 峰值。这些峰值是由 PN 增加引起的，表明核化、熏烟和航运对 PNC 有显著贡献。通过每日和季节性 PNC 和 BC 模式来识别站点类型是：（i）主要由交通排放驱动的 PNC，与不同时间尺度上的 BC 呈显著相关；（ii）明显的中午/早晨 PNC 峰值和与 PNC/BC 的季节性反相关；（iii）没有明显季节性模式的交通高峰和中午高峰。（ii）和（iii）组包括高太阳辐射的城市。对于几个站点，PNC，尤其是 PN，与 BC、NO、CO 和 PM 呈正相关。PNSD 与不同城市污染物的可变相关性表明，这些不能反映城市环境中 UFP 的可变性。如果要评估纳米颗粒及其相关的健康影响，则需要对 PNSD 进行特定监测。实施 CEN-ACTRIS 对 PNSD 测量的建议将提供可比的测量值，并且需要测量<10nm PNC 才能全面评估该尺寸部分的健康影响。
