Portengen Christel M, van Baar Anneloes L, Endendijk Joyce J
Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jan 9;13:1054886. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1054886. eCollection 2022.
Parental gender socialization refers to ways in which parents teach their children social expectations associated with gender. Relatively little is known about the mechanisms underlying gender socialization. An overview of cognitive and neural processes underlying parental gender socialization is provided. Regarding cognitive processes, evidence exists that parents' implicit and explicit gender stereotypes, attitudes, and gendered attributions are implicated in gender socialization. Other cognitive factors, such as intergroup attitudes, gender essentialism, internal motivation for parenting without gender stereotypes, gender identity, and conflict resolution are theoretically relevant mechanisms underlying gender socialization, but need further investigation. Regarding neural processes, studies demonstrated that attentional processing, conflict monitoring, behavior regulation, and reward processing might underlie stereotypes and biased behavior. However, more research is necessary to test whether these neural processes are also related to parental gender socialization. Based on this overview, a framework is presented of neural and cognitive factors that were theoretically or empirically related to gender socialization.
父母的性别社会化是指父母教导孩子与性别相关的社会期望的方式。人们对性别社会化背后的机制了解相对较少。本文提供了父母性别社会化背后的认知和神经过程概述。关于认知过程，有证据表明父母的隐性和显性性别刻板印象、态度以及带有性别色彩的归因与性别社会化有关。其他认知因素，如群体间态度、性别本质主义、无性别刻板印象的育儿内部动机、性别认同和冲突解决，在理论上是性别社会化的相关机制，但需要进一步研究。关于神经过程，研究表明注意力加工、冲突监测、行为调节和奖励加工可能是刻板印象和偏见行为的基础。然而，需要更多研究来检验这些神经过程是否也与父母的性别社会化有关。基于此概述，本文提出了一个理论或实证上与性别社会化相关的神经和认知因素框架。
