Ferreira Ana Lorena Lima, Freitas-Costa Nathalia, da Silva Rosa Freire Samary, Figueiredo Amanda Caroline Cunha, Padilha Marina, Alves-Santos Nadya Helena, Kac Gilberto
Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373/CCS, Bloco J, 2º Andar, Sala 29, Cidade Universitária, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
Faculty of Collective Health, Institute for Health and Biological Studies, Federal University of South and Southeast of Pará, Rodovia BR-230 (Transamazônica), Loteamento Cidade Jardim, Avenida Dos Ipês, S/N.°-Cidade Jardim, Marabá, PA, 68500-000, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Mar;30(15):44999-45014. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-25308-x. Epub 2023 Jan 26.
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic chemical compounds that can bioaccumulate, adhere to lipid matrices, and affect human health. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and dietary intake during pregnancy and POP concentrations in the human milk of women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One hundred and forty-seven women were followed from the third trimester of pregnancy until 119 days postpartum, and 77 human milk samples were analyzed between 2 and 119 days postpartum. POP concentrations were analyzed using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Pregnancy dietary intake was estimated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and pre-pregnancy body mass index at baseline was classified as normal or overweight/obesity. Multiple logistic and linear regression models were performed to investigate the association between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, dietary intake during pregnancy, and POP concentrations in human milk. The models were adjusted for maternal age, maternal schooling, total cholesterol serum concentrations, and time postpartum. The analyses were corrected for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg test. Significant associations were observed between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (ppDDE), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)74, PCB138, PCB153, PCB170, PCB180, total PCBs, total 4PCBs, total 2 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and total POP concentrations. Higher daily lipid intake during pregnancy increased human milk hexachlorobenzene (HCB). This study showed that pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and total lipid intake during pregnancy were associated with POP concentrations in the milk of women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To promote adequate nutritional status since preconception and surveillance and control of POP in the environment could be essential to ensure binomial mother-infant health and biomonitoring studies and programs for these POPs should be stimulated.
持久性有机污染物（POPs）是一类有毒的化合物，它们能够进行生物累积，附着于脂质基质，并对人类健康产生影响。本研究旨在调查巴西里约热内卢女性孕前超重/肥胖及孕期饮食摄入量与母乳中持久性有机污染物浓度之间的关联。147名女性从孕期第三个月开始被跟踪至产后119天，共采集了77份产后2至119天的母乳样本。采用气相色谱 - 三重四极杆质谱法分析持久性有机污染物浓度。使用半定量食物频率问卷估算孕期饮食摄入量，并将基线时的孕前体重指数分类为正常或超重/肥胖。采用多元逻辑回归和线性回归模型来研究孕前超重/肥胖、孕期饮食摄入量与母乳中持久性有机污染物浓度之间的关联。模型针对产妇年龄、受教育程度、血清总胆固醇浓度和产后时间进行了调整。使用Benjamini - Hochberg检验对分析结果进行多重比较校正。观察到孕前超重/肥胖与二氯二苯二氯乙烷（ppDDE）、多氯联苯（PCB）74、PCB138、PCB153、PCB170、PCB180、总多氯联苯、总四氯联苯、总两种有机氯农药（OCPs）以及总持久性有机污染物浓度之间存在显著关联。孕期较高的每日脂质摄入量会增加母乳中六氯苯（HCB）的含量。本研究表明，巴西里约热内卢女性的孕前超重/肥胖及孕期总脂质摄入量与母乳中的持久性有机污染物浓度有关。从孕前开始促进充足的营养状况以及监测和控制环境中的持久性有机污染物对于确保母婴健康至关重要，应鼓励开展针对这些持久性有机污染物的生物监测研究和项目。
