Lapola David M, Pinho Patricia, Barlow Jos, Aragão Luiz E O C, Berenguer Erika, Carmenta Rachel, Liddy Hannah M, Seixas Hugo, Silva Camila V J, Silva-Junior Celso H L, Alencar Ane A C, Anderson Liana O, Armenteras Dolors, Brovkin Victor, Calders Kim, Chambers Jeffrey, Chini Louise, Costa Marcos H, Faria Bruno L, Fearnside Philip M, Ferreira Joice, Gatti Luciana, Gutierrez-Velez Victor Hugo, Han Zhangang, Hibbard Kathleen, Koven Charles, Lawrence Peter, Pongratz Julia, Portela Bruno T T, Rounsevell Mark, Ruane Alex C, Schaldach Rüdiger, da Silva Sonaira S, von Randow Celso, Walker Wayne S
Laboratório de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre - LabTerra, Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas Aplicadas à Agricultura - CEPAGRI, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais da Amazônia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Science. 2023 Jan 27;379(6630):eabp8622. doi: 10.1126/science.abp8622.
Approximately 2.5 × 10 square kilometers of the Amazon forest are currently degraded by fire, edge effects, timber extraction, and/or extreme drought, representing 38% of all remaining forests in the region. Carbon emissions from this degradation total up to 0.2 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year), which is equivalent to, if not greater than, the emissions from Amazon deforestation (0.06 to 0.21 Pg C year). Amazon forest degradation can reduce dry-season evapotranspiration by up to 34% and cause as much biodiversity loss as deforestation in human-modified landscapes, generating uneven socioeconomic burdens, mainly to forest dwellers. Projections indicate that degradation will remain a dominant source of carbon emissions independent of deforestation rates. Policies to tackle degradation should be integrated with efforts to curb deforestation and complemented with innovative measures addressing the disturbances that degrade the Amazon forest.
目前，约2.5×10平方公里的亚马逊森林因火灾、边缘效应、木材采伐和/或极端干旱而退化，占该地区所有剩余森林的38%。这种退化造成的碳排放量总计达每年0.2拍克碳（Pg C/年），即便不超过，也相当于亚马逊森林砍伐的排放量（0.06至0.21 Pg C/年）。亚马逊森林退化可使旱季蒸散量减少多达34%，并在人类改造的景观中造成与森林砍伐一样多的生物多样性丧失，产生不均衡的社会经济负担，主要由森林居民承担。预测表明，无论森林砍伐率如何，退化仍将是碳排放的主要来源。应对退化的政策应与遏制森林砍伐的努力相结合，并辅之以应对使亚马逊森林退化的干扰因素的创新措施。
