Barbaresko Janett, Lang Alexander, Szczerba Edyta, Baechle Christina, Beckhaus Julia, Schwingshackl Lukas, Neuenschwander Manuela, Schlesinger Sabrina
German Diabetes Center, Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany.
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.
Diabetes Care. 2023 Feb 1;46(2):469-477. doi: 10.2337/dc22-1018.
Type 2 diabetes is a major health concern associated with mortality. Diet may influence the progression of diabetes; however, systematic reviews are lacking.
This study systematically summarized the evidence on diet and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
PubMed and Web of Science were searched until June 2022.
Prospective observational studies investigating dietary factors in association with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes were selected.
We identified 107 studies. Moderate certainty of evidence was found for inverse associations of higher intakes of fish (summary risk ratios per serving/week: 0.95; 95% CI 0.92, 0.99; n = 6 studies), whole grain (per 20 g/day: 0.84; 95% CI 0.71, 0.99; n = 2), fiber (per 5 g/day: 0.86; 95% CI 0.81, 0.91; n = 3), and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (per 0.1 g/day: 0.87; 95% CI 0.82, 0.92; n = 2) and mortality. There was low certainty of evidence for inverse associations of vegetable consumption (per 100 g/day: 0.88; 95% CI 0.82, 0.94; n = 2), plant protein (per 10 g/day: 0.91; 95% CI 0.87, 0.96; n = 3), and for positive associations of egg consumption (per 10 g/day: 1.05; 95% CI 1.03, 1.08; n = 7) and cholesterol intake (per 300 mg/day: 1.19; 95% CI 1.13, 1.26; n = 2). For other dietary factors, evidence was uncertain or no association was observed.
Higher intake of fish, whole grain, fiber, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were inversely associated with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. There is limited evidence for other dietary factors, and, thus, more research is needed.
2型糖尿病是一个与死亡率相关的主要健康问题。饮食可能会影响糖尿病的进展；然而，目前缺乏系统评价。
本研究系统总结了2型糖尿病患者饮食与全因死亡率相关的证据。
检索PubMed和Web of Science直至2022年6月。
选取调查2型糖尿病患者饮食因素与全因死亡率相关性的前瞻性观察性研究。
我们纳入了107项研究。发现中等确定性证据表明，较高的鱼类摄入量（每周每份的汇总风险比：0.95；95%置信区间0.92，0.99；n = 6项研究）、全谷物摄入量（每天20克：0.84；95%置信区间0.71，0.99；n = 2）、纤维摄入量（每天5克：0.86；95%置信区间0.81，0.91；n = 3）和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量（每天0.1克：0.87；95%置信区间0.82，0.92；n = 2）与死亡率呈负相关。发现低确定性证据表明，蔬菜摄入量（每天100克：0.88；95%置信区间0.82，0.94；n = 2）、植物蛋白摄入量（每天10克：0.91；95%置信区间0.87，0.96；n = 3）与死亡率呈负相关，鸡蛋摄入量（每天10克：1.05；95%置信区间1.03，1.08；n = 7）和胆固醇摄入量（每天300毫克：1.19；95%置信区间1.13，1.26；n = 2）与死亡率呈正相关。对于其他饮食因素，证据不确定或未观察到关联。
较高的鱼类、全谷物、纤维和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量与2型糖尿病患者的全因死亡率呈负相关。关于其他饮食因素的证据有限，因此需要更多研究。
