Lin Zhengjun, Zeng Min, Sui Zijian, Wu Yanlin, Zhang Hong, Liu Tang
Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
Department of Statistics and Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.
Nutr J. 2025 Mar 24;24(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12937-025-01109-5.
Previous studies have explored the relationship between breakfast cereal consumption and mortality risk, but these studies reported inconsistent findings and did not distinguish between consumers of different breakfast cereal types. This prospective cohort study aims to elucidate the dose-response relationship between specific breakfast cereal types and mortality risk.
A total of 186,168 participants aged 40 to 69 years from UK Biobank that completed at least one online 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire and reported information on breakfast cereal consumption were included. Self-reported types and amounts of dietary breakfast cereal intake, and mortality from CVD (cardiovascular disease), cancer, and all causes were estimated. Cox regression analyses were employed to illustrate the correlation between the daily intake of different breakfast cereal types and mortality risk.
During a median follow-up of 13.4 years, 9402 deaths were recorded (including 5073 cancer deaths and 1687 CVD deaths). The intake of muesli was significantly correlated with reduced all-cause mortality, with the HRs (hazard ratios) (95% CIs) being 0.89 (0.83-0.95) (> 0-0.5 bowls/d) and 0.85 (0.79-0.92) (> 0.5-1 bowls/d), respectively. Bran cereal consumption also exhibited inverse correlations with all-cause mortality, showing an HR of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81-0.95) (> 0-0.5 bowls/d) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80-0.98) (> 0.5-1 bowls/d). Moderate intake of porridge (> 0.5-1 bowls/day) was correlated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, with an HR (95% CI) of 0.89 (0.84-0.96). Furthermore, moderate consumption of muesli and bran cereal correlated with reduced mortality risks related to CVD and cancer, while plain cereal intake was correlated with increased CVD-specific mortality risk, and sweetened cereal consumption was correlated with elevated cancer-specific mortality risk. Additionally, participants who reported adding dried fruit to their breakfast cereals exhibited significantly lower risks of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality, and those who added milk to their breakfast cereals had a reduced risk of all-cause mortality.
The findings support the moderate intake of several breakfast cereal types, including porridge, bran cereal, and muesli, as part of a healthy diet, while oat crunch and sweetened cereal consumption should be reduced to lower premature mortality risk.
以往的研究探讨了早餐谷物消费与死亡风险之间的关系，但这些研究结果并不一致，且未区分不同类型早餐谷物的消费者。这项前瞻性队列研究旨在阐明特定早餐谷物类型与死亡风险之间的剂量反应关系。
纳入了英国生物银行中186,168名年龄在40至69岁之间的参与者，他们完成了至少一份在线24小时饮食回忆问卷，并报告了早餐谷物消费信息。估计了自我报告的早餐谷物摄入量的类型和数量，以及心血管疾病（CVD）、癌症和所有原因导致的死亡率。采用Cox回归分析来说明不同类型早餐谷物的每日摄入量与死亡风险之间的相关性。
在中位随访13.4年期间，记录了9402例死亡（包括5073例癌症死亡和1687例CVD死亡）。食用什锦早餐与全因死亡率降低显著相关，风险比（HRs）（95%置信区间）分别为0.89（0.83 - 0.95）（每天食用量>0至0.5碗）和0.85（0.79 - 0.92）（每天食用量>0.5至1碗）。食用麸皮谷物也与全因死亡率呈负相关，HR分别为0.88（95%置信区间：0.81 - 0.95）（每天食用量>0至0.5碗）和0.88（95%置信区间：0.80 - 0.98）（每天食用量>0.5至1碗）。适量食用粥（每天>0.5至1碗）与全因死亡率风险降低相关，HR（95%置信区间）为0.89（0.84 - 0.96）。此外，适量食用什锦早餐和麸皮谷物与降低CVD和癌症相关死亡率风险相关，而食用普通谷物与CVD特异性死亡率风险增加相关，食用加糖谷物与癌症特异性死亡率风险升高相关。此外，报告在早餐谷物中添加干果的参与者全因死亡率和特定病因死亡率风险显著较低，而在早餐谷物中添加牛奶的参与者全因死亡率风险降低。
研究结果支持适量摄入几种早餐谷物类型，包括粥、麸皮谷物和什锦早餐，作为健康饮食的一部分，而应减少燕麦脆片和加糖谷物的消费，以降低过早死亡风险。
