Keylani Kimia, Arbab Mojeni Fariba, Khalaji Amirmohammad, Rasouli Asma, Aminzade Dlnya, Karimi Mohammad Amin, Sanaye Pantea Majma, Khajevand Nazanin, Nemayandeh Nasrin, Poudineh Mohadeseh, Azizabadi Farahani Mehdi, Esfandiari Mohammad Ali, Haghshoar Sepehr, Kheirandish Ali, Amouei Erfan, Abdi Amir, Azizinezhad Arash, Khani Afshin, Deravi Niloofar
School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Front Pharmacol. 2023 Jan 10;13:1027633. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027633. eCollection 2022.
Flavonoids are found in natural health products and plant-based foods. The flavonoid molecules contain a 15-carbon skeleton with the particular structural construction of subclasses. The most flavonoid's critical subclasses with improved health properties are the catechins or flavonols (e.g., epigallocatechin 3-gallate from green tea), the flavones (e.g., apigenin from celery), the flavanones (e.g., naringenin from citrus), the flavanols (e.g., quercetin glycosides from berries, onion, and apples), the isoflavones (e.g., genistein from soya beans) and the anthocyanins (e.g., cyanidin-3-O-glucoside from berries). Scientific data conclusively demonstrates that frequent intake of efficient amounts of dietary flavonoids decreases chronic inflammation and the chance of oxidative stress expressing the pathogenesis of human diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical organelle that plays a role in protein folding, post-transcriptional conversion, and transportation, which plays a critical part in maintaining cell homeostasis. Various stimuli can lead to the creation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and then arise in endoplasmic reticulum stress. Constant endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers unfolded protein response (UPR), which ultimately causes apoptosis. Research has shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a critical part in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic aneurysm, and hypertension. Endoplasmic reticulum stress could be one of the crucial points in treating multiple cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarized findings on flavonoids' effects on the endoplasmic reticulum and their role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
黄酮类化合物存在于天然保健品和植物性食物中。黄酮类分子含有一个15碳骨架,并具有特定的亚类结构。具有改善健康特性的最关键的黄酮类亚类是儿茶素或黄酮醇(如绿茶中的表没食子儿茶素3 - 没食子酸酯)、黄酮(如芹菜中的芹菜素)、黄烷酮(如柑橘中的柚皮素)、黄烷醇(如浆果、洋葱和苹果中的槲皮素糖苷)、异黄酮(如大豆中的染料木黄酮)和花青素(如浆果中的矢车菊素 - 3 - O - 葡萄糖苷)。科学数据确凿地表明,经常摄入有效量的膳食黄酮类化合物可减轻慢性炎症,并降低表达心血管疾病(CVDs)等人类疾病发病机制的氧化应激风险。内质网(ER)是一种关键的细胞器,在蛋白质折叠、转录后转化和运输中发挥作用,这在维持细胞内稳态中起着关键作用。各种刺激可导致内质网中未折叠或错误折叠蛋白质的产生,进而引发内质网应激。持续的内质网应激会触发未折叠蛋白反应(UPR),最终导致细胞凋亡。研究表明,内质网应激在包括糖尿病性心肌病、缺血性心脏病、心力衰竭、主动脉瘤和高血压在内的几种心血管疾病的发病机制中起关键作用。内质网应激可能是治疗多种心血管疾病的关键点之一。在本综述中,我们总结了关于黄酮类化合物对内质网的影响及其在心血管疾病预防和治疗中的作用的研究结果。
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